Showing all 931 entries
Bias or fallacy name | Also known as | Description | Reference | Added | Updated | ID |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
zero-sum bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 369_cb | ||
zero-risk bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 368_cb | ||
zero tolerance | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 679_lf | ||
zero risk bias | broken windows policing, disproportionate response, even one is too many, judenrein, exemplary punishment, zero risk bias | A fallacy of "declaring an 'emergency' and promising to disregard justice and due process and devote unlimited resources (and occasionally, unlimited cruelty) to stamp out a limited, insignificant or even nonexistent problem". A "corrupt and cynical argument from pathos". "Almost always politically driven." A "sinister" form of dog whistle politics. An example of: we have to do something (placebo effect, political theater, security theater, we have to send a message). | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 908_lf |
Zeigarnik effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 367_cb | ||
you're not the boss of me | appeal to privacy, mind your own business, MYOB, none of yer beeswax, so what, you're not the boss of me | A fallacy of preventing discussion of one's point by "drawing a phony curtian of privacy around oneself and one's actions". A counterpart is: heart of darkness syndrome, I think we're alone now, nobody will ever know, what happens in Vegas stays in Vegas. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-26 | 907_lf |
you talk too much | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 678_lf | ||
you speakee da english | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 677_lf | ||
you need to know | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 906_lf | ||
you do it too | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 905_lf | ||
you can't win if you don't play | An obverse of: Hoyle's fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-05 | 676_lf | |
you also | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 490_lf | |||
xenophobia | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 904_lf | ||
worst-case fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 675_lf | ||
worst negates the bad | be grateful for what you've got, worst negates the bad | A fallacy in which it is claimed that "an objectively bad situation somehow isn't so bad simply because it could have been far worse, or because someone, somewhere has it even worse". | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 674_lf |
worse-than-average effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 366_cb | ||
work exploitation fallacy | A mistaken belief that "employment is a form of exploitation". A fallacy surrounding: capitalism. | [27] | 2024-07-15 | 2024-07-15 | 929_lf | |
women are wonderful effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 365_cb | ||
wishful thinking | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 364_cb | ||
wisdom of the crowd | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 673_lf | ||
winning isn't everything it's the only thing | all's fair in love and war, changing the rules, moving the goalposts, nuclear option | Starting with certain requirements for a decision, then, when, the criteria are met, requiring a higher bar. "A fallacy of logos". | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-14 | 672_lf |
willful ignorance | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 902_lf | ||
Wikipedia fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 692_lf | ||
whistling by the graveyard | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 671_lf | ||
where there's smoke there's fire | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 670_lf | ||
whatever is is right | acquiescence, better the devil you know than the devil you don't, deal with it, default bias, get used to it, if it ain't broke don't fix it, it is what it is, let it be let it be, making one's peace with the situation, normalization of evil, this is the best of all possible worlds, this is the only possible world | The fallacy that just because something is the current state that is therefore the preferred state. Opposite of: nihilism. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 703_lf |
whataboutism | whataboutery, whataboutism | See also: appeal to a lack of evidence, appeal to ignorance, argumentum ad ignorantiam, and argument from ignorance. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-10 | 055_lf |
whataboutery | whataboutery, whataboutism | See also: appeal to a lack of evidence, appeal to ignorance, argumentum ad ignorantiam, and argument from ignorance. | [3] | 2024-07-10 | 917_lf | |
what were their names | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 901_lf | ||
what happens in Vegas stays in Vegas | heart of darkness syndrome, I think we're alone now, nobody will ever know, what happens in Vegas stays in Vegas | A fallacy holding that "one may freely commit immoral, selfish, negative or evil acts at will without expecting any of the normal consequences or punishment" "just because nobody important is looking (or because one is on vacation, or away in college, or overseas)". A counterpart to: appeal to privacy, mind your own business, MYOB, none of yer beeswax, so what, you're not the boss of me | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-26 | 900_lf |
what goes around comes around | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 899_lf | ||
well travelled road effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 363_cb | ||
Weber–Fechner law | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 362_cb | ||
wealth is the disease and I am the cure | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 489_lf | |||
we have to do something | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 669_lf | ||
we do it too | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 898_lf | ||
we can't afford to take chances | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 897_lf | ||
waving the bloody shirt | blood of the martyrs fallacy, waving the bloody shirt | A fallacy holding that "a cause or argument, no matter how questionable or reprehensible, cannot be questioned without dishonoring the blood and sacrifice of those who died so nobly for that cause". An extreme example of: e for effort, I'm trying by best, lost cause. See also: appeal to pity, argument from inertia, cost bias, heroes all, sob story, soldiers' honor fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 668_lf |
wage dictation fallacy | A mistaken belief that "salaries are set by individual companies or the government, and that some salaries are artificially inflated or deflated". A fallacy surrounding: capitalism. | [27] | 2024-07-15 | 2024-07-15 | 925_lf | |
vulture capitalism | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 488_lf | |||
von Restorff effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 361_cb | ||
voice of the voiceless | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 667_lf | ||
vicious circle | begging the question, catch 22, circular reasoning, circulus in probando, petitio principii, vicious circle | A fallacy in which the same proposition appears as a premise and as a conclusion (sometimes worded in two statements appearing differently enough to make this not very obvious); for example, "A, therefore B." and also "B, therefore A". Sometimes, begging the question and circular reasoning are used interchangeably and sometimes with a difference--begging the question or petitio principii more specifically assumes as evidence the conclusion they are trying to prove.) A fallacy of logos. A component fallacy. See also: complex question, big lie technique. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 487_lf |
verbatim effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 360_cb | ||
venue | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 666_lf | ||
venting | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 665_lf | ||
values | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 896_lf | ||
value selection bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 359_cb | ||
valence effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 358_cb | ||
unthinking obedience | blind loyalty, blind obedience, Nuremberg defense, team player appeal, unthinking obedience | A fallacy which holds that "an argument or action is right simply and solely because a respected leader or source (a President, expert, one's parents, one's own side, team or country, one's boss or commanding officers) says it is right". A corrupted argument from ethos. See also: big brain little brain fallacy, soldiers' honor fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 486_lf |
unit bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 357_cb | ||
uniformity | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 895_lf | ||
uniformitarianism | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 894_lf | ||
undistributed middle term | A component fallacy. | [1] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 020_lf | |
underlying meaning | etymological fallacy, underlying meaning | A fallacy of "drawing false conclusions from the...linguistic origins of a current word" or the "alleged meanings or associations of that word in another langauge". "A fallacy of logos."" | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-06 | 893_lf |
unconscious bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 355_cb | ||
unaffordable innovation fallacy | A mistaken belief that "technology is unaffordable and is only for the rich". A fallacy surrounding: capitalism. | [27] | 2024-07-15 | 2024-07-15 | 930_lf | |
ultimate attribution error | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 354_cb | ||
two-sides fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 664_lf | ||
two wrongs make a right | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 892_lf | ||
two truths | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 663_lf | ||
Turkey illusion | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 353_cb | ||
tuning out | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 485_lf | |||
tu quoque | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 662_lf | ||
truthout fallacy | brave heretic, conspiracy theories, iconoclastic fallacy, romantic rebel, truthout fallacy, truthdig fallacy | A fallacy of holding a claim as true just because that position "is supposedly standing up heroically to the dominant orthodoxy, the current standard model, conventional wisdom or political correctness, or whatever may be the bandwagon of the moment". A corrupt argument from ethos. The opposite of: bandwagon fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 891_lf |
truthiness | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 661_lf | ||
truthdig fallacy | brave heretic, conspiracy theories, iconoclastic fallacy, romantic rebel, truthout fallacy, truthdig fallacy | A fallacy of holding a claim as true just because that position "is supposedly standing up heroically to the dominant orthodoxy, the current standard model, conventional wisdom or political correctness, or whatever may be the bandwagon of the moment". A corrupt argument from ethos. The opposite of: bandwagon fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 890_lf |
truth bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 352_cb | ||
trust your intuition | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 889_lf | ||
trust your instincts | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 888_lf | ||
trust your heart | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 887_lf | ||
trust your gut | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 660_lf | ||
trust your feelings | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 886_lf | ||
Travis syndrome | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 351_cb | ||
trait ascription bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 350_cb | ||
totus pro partes fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 885_lf | ||
too much of a coincidence | post hoc argument, post hoc propter hoc, post hoc ergo propter hoc, too much of a coincidence, clustering illusion | A "classic paranoiac fallacy of attributing an imaginary causality to random coincidences, concluding that just because something happens close to, at the same time as, or just after something else, the first thing is caused by the second". See also: cum hoc ergo propter hoc, correlation implies causation. | [3], [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-05 | 034_lf |
tone policing | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 659_lf | ||
token endorsement fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 658_lf | ||
token endorsement | Fallacy saying that a positive statement made by an individual with a pertinent characteristic must be true because of their possession of that characteristic. For example, a claim that, just because a member of a minority group states that a person of the majority group is not bigoted against the minority group, that this must therefore be true. (It is still possible for the statement to be incorrect, despite the group membership of the person making the statement.) | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-13 | 042_lf | |
tip of the tongue phenomenon | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 349_cb | ||
tiny percentage fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 657_lf | ||
time-saving bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 348_cb | ||
time inconsistency | dynamic inconsistency, time inconsistency | A scenario in which "a decision-maker's preferences change over time in such a way that a preference can become inconsistent at another point in time". See also: current moment bias, hyperbiolic discounting, present bias. | [6], [21] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-07 | 704_cb |
throwing good money after bad | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 656_lf | ||
three monkeys' fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 884_lf | ||
three monkeys fallacy | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 484_lf | |||
thousand flowers fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 655_lf | ||
this is the best of all possible worlds | acquiescence, better the devil you know than the devil you don't, deal with it, default bias, get used to it, if it ain't broke don't fix it, it is what it is, let it be let it be, making one's peace with the situation, normalization of evil, this is the best of all possible worlds, whatever is is right | The fallacy that just because something is the current state that is therefore the preferred state. Opposite of: nihilism. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 491_lf |
third-person effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 347_cb | ||
third person effect | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 654_lf | ||
thinking with your other head | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 883_lf | ||
they're not like us | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 882_lf | ||
they're just like us | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 881_lf | ||
they're all liars | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 880_lf | ||
they're all crooks | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 653_lf | ||
they're all biased | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 652_lf | ||
there is no alternative (TINA) | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 651_lf | ||
there is no alternative | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 879_lf | ||
the squeaky wheel gets the grease | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 878_lf | ||
the politics of the center | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 877_lf | ||
the perfect is the enemy of the good | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 483_lf | |||
the nose knows | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 876_lf | ||
the judicial surprise | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 875_lf | ||
the argument from motives | See too Questioning Motives. A kind of ad hominem. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 058_lf | |
Texas sharpshooter fallacy | A fallacy in which "differences in data are ignored, but similarities are overemphasized". An "informal fallacy". | [22] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-08 | 708_ | |
testing effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 345_cb | ||
testimonial | eminence-based practice, falacia ad verecundiam, faulty use of authority, questionable authority, star power, testimonial | A fallacy in which arguments "are granted fame and validity or condemed to obscurity soley by whoever may be the reigning stars or premier journals of the profession or discpline at the moment". A "corrupt argument from ethos". Includes: faulty use of quotes. | [3] | 2024-06-21 | 2024-06-21 | 916_lf |
tell me what were their names | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 874_lf | ||
telescoping effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 344_cb | ||
teleological bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 343_cb | ||
tear it all down | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 873_lf | ||
team player appeal | blind loyalty, blind obedience, Nuremberg defense, team player appeal, unthinking obedience | A fallacy which holds that "an argument or action is right simply and solely because a respected leader or source (a President, expert, one's parents, one's own side, team or country, one's boss or commanding officers) says it is right". A corrupted argument from ethos. See also: big brain little brain fallacy, soldiers' honor fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 482_lf |
team player | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 872_lf | ||
teach the controversy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 871_lf | ||
talking points | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 650_lf | ||
take names and kick butt | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 870_lf | ||
tachypsychia | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 342_cb | ||
taboo | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 649_lf | ||
systematic bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 341_cb | ||
system justification | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 340_cb | ||
survivorship bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 339_cb | ||
surrogation | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 338_cb | ||
surprise surprise | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 869_lf | ||
superiority bias | better-than-average effect, illusory superiority, Lake Wobegon effect, superiority bias | A "tendency to overestimate one's desirable qualities, and underestimate undesirable qualities, relative to other people". A form of egocentric bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 337_cb |
sunk cost fallacy | escalation of commitment, irrational escalation, sunk cost fallacy | A tendency in which "people justify increased investment in a decision, based on the cumulative prior investment, despite new evidence suggesting that the decision was probably wrong". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 336_cb_lf |
sui generis fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 648_lf | ||
suggestibility | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 335_cb_lf | ||
suffix effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 334_cb | ||
suck it up | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 647_lf | ||
subjective validation | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 333_cb | ||
subject-expectancy effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 332_cb | ||
subadditivity effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 331_cb | ||
strawman | straw man, straw man argument, strawman | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-10 | 828_lf | |
straw person | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 868_lf | ||
straw man argument | straw man, straw man argument, strawman | A subtype of red herring. A component fallacy. | [1], [2] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-10 | 015_lf |
straw man | straw man, straw man argument, strawman | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-10 | 646_lf | |
straw figure | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 867_lf | ||
stockholm syndrome | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 645_lf | ||
stereotyping | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 330_cb | ||
stereotypical bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 329_cb | ||
stereotype bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 328_cb | ||
staying on message | big lie technique, bold faced lie, staying on message | A fallacy of "repeating a lie, fallacy, slogan, talking-point, nonsense-statement or deceptive half-truth over and over in different forms (particularly in the media) until it becomes part of daily discourse and people accept it without further proof or evidence". Notably, "the bolder and more outlandish the big lie becomes the more credible it seems". See also: alphabet soup, alternative truth; bandwagon fallacy, propaganda, straw man. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 481_lf |
stay the course | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 480_lf | |||
status quo bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 327_cb | ||
state-dependent memory | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 250_cb | ||
state actor fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 644_lf | ||
star power | eminence-based practice, falacia ad verecundiam, faulty use of authority, questionable authority, star power, testimonial | A fallacy in which arguments "are granted fame and validity or condemed to obscurity soley by whoever may be the reigning stars or premier journals of the profession or discpline at the moment". A "corrupt argument from ethos". Includes: faulty use of quotes. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-21 | 643_lf |
standardization | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 866_lf | ||
standard version fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 642_lf | ||
stacking the deck | card stacking, half truth, incomplete information, stacking the deck | A fallacy of ignoring examples or evidence that disprove one's point and instead only listing examples or sharing evidence which would support one's point. A fallacy of omission. A "corrupt argument from logos". Different from: straw man. See also: confirmation bias, hasty generalization. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 028_lf |
squeaky wheel gets the grease | appeasement, assertiveness, i know my rights, squeaky wheel gets the grease | A fallacy of obtaining a result not through argument but through the audience's willingness to give in so that the opposition will simply be satisfied, quieter, or no longer a nuisance. Common in public agencies, education, and retail. Sometimes promoted as a practical, nonviolent way for groups to promote change. See also: bribery. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-26 | 479_lf |
spotlight effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 326_cb | ||
sports world fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 641_lf | ||
special pleading | big but fallacy, special pleading | A fallacy of stating "a generally-accepted principle and then directly negating it with a 'but'. Often detailed as a special case "supposedly exempt from the usual rules of law, logic, morality, ethics or even credibility". Closely related to: contradictory premises. A component fallacy. | [1], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 022_lf |
special covenant | American exceptionalism, appeal to heaven, argumentum ad coelum, Deus vult, Gott mit uns, manifest destiny | A fallacy based on claiming to know God's mind and wishes, which cannot really be challenged. A "deluded argument from ethos". Opposite of Job's comforter fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-14 | 478_lf |
speakee fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 640_lf | ||
speak no evil | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 865_lf | ||
spacing effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 325_cb | ||
space place | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 639_lf | ||
source confusion | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 324_cb | ||
sophism | arguing in bad faith, mala fides, sophism | A fallacy of putting forth an argument that the argue knows is invalid. Includes: motivational truth, demagogy, campaign promises, self deception, whistling by the graveyward. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-26 | 864_lf |
someone's going to win and it might as well be you | An obverse of: Hoyle's fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-05 | 863_lf | |
soldiers' honor fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 638_lf | ||
social desirability bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 323_cb | ||
social cryptomnesia | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 322_cb | ||
social comparison bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 321_cb | ||
social bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 320_cb | ||
sob story | bleeding heart, drama queen or drama king fallacy, pathetic fallacy, playing on emotion, sob story | A fallacy in which, ignoring facts, emotion is evoked alone. A fallacy "of pure argument from pathos". The opposite is: apathetic fallacy, burnout, compassion fatigue, cynicism. An obverse is: refinement, real feelings. See also: othering. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 862_lf |
so what | appeal to privacy, mind your own business, MYOB, none of yer beeswax, so what, you're not the boss of me | A fallacy of preventing discussion of one's point by "drawing a phony curtian of privacy around oneself and one's actions". A counterpart is: heart of darkness syndrome, I think we're alone now, nobody will ever know, what happens in Vegas stays in Vegas. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-26 | 499_lf |
snowing them under | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 861_lf | ||
snow job | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 637_lf | ||
sloganeering | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 860_lf | ||
slippery slope fallacy | camel's nose fallacy | A fallacy holding that "one thing inevitably leads to another" when this is not necessarily the case. A non sequitur. A component fallacy. | [1], [2] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 017_lf |
slippery slope | camel's nose fallacy, domino theory, slippery slope | A fallacy holding that "one thing inevitably leads to another" when this is not necessarily the case. A non sequitur. A component fallacy. | [1], [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 636_lf |
singing kumbaya | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 859_lf | ||
sin of presumption | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 858_lf | ||
simpleton's fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 635_lf | ||
simple truth fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 857_lf | ||
silent treatment | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 856_lf | ||
silent majority fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 634_lf | ||
shopping hungry fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 633_lf | ||
shockdoc | appeal to fear, bogeyman fallacy, paranoia, scare tactics, shockdoc, shock doctrine, rally 'round the flag, rally 'round the president | A fallacy in which one takes "advantage of a emergent or deliberately-created crisis and its associated public shock, panic and chaos in order to impose an argument, action or solution that would be clearly unacceptable if carefully considered". A "corrupted argument from pathos". A form of playing on emotions. See also: shopping hungry fallacy, dog-whistle politics, we have to do something, worst-case fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 855_lf |
shock doctrine | appeal to fear, bogeyman fallacy, paranoia, scare tactics, shockdoc, shock doctrine, rally 'round the flag, rally 'round the president | A fallacy in which one takes "advantage of a emergent or deliberately-created crisis and its associated public shock, panic and chaos in order to impose an argument, action or solution that would be clearly unacceptable if carefully considered". A "corrupted argument from pathos". A form of playing on emotions. See also: shopping hungry fallacy, dog-whistle politics, we have to do something, worst-case fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 854_lf |
shock and awe | appeal to force, argument from force, argument from strength, argument from the club (stick), argumentum ad baculum, bullying, fascism, hard power, might-makes-right, muscular leadership, non-negotiable demands, power-play, resolution by force of arms, shock and awe | A fallacy in which a conclusion is reached due to force, threat of force, or threat of unpleasantness. A fallacy of relevance, since reason for conclusion is not relevant to the argument at hand. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 853_lf |
shifting the burden of proof | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 632_lf | ||
shibboleth | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 631_lf | ||
shearing the sheeple | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 477_lf | |||
shared information bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 319_cb | ||
sexual overperception bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 318_cb | ||
seven sins of memory | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 317_cb | ||
serial position effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 316_cb | ||
sending the wrong message | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 630_lf | ||
Semmelweis reflex | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 315_cb | ||
self-serving bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 314_cb | ||
self-relevance effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 313_cb | ||
self-generation effect | generation effect, self-generation effect | A tendnecy in which "self-generated information is remembered best". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-10 | 193_cb |
self righteousness | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 629_lf | ||
self justification | attribution error, fundamental attribution error, self justification | A tendency to assume that others' (poor) behavior results from character defects (personality) while under-emphasizing the influence of the situation on others' behavior, while, at the same time, one's own behavior is held to be due to environmental factors (situtation). A "corrupt argument from ethos". Obverse is: self debasement, self deprecation. See also: group attribution error, ultimate attribution error. | [3], [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-10 | 476_lf |
self fooling | self deception, self fooling | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-08 | 712_lf | ||
self deprecation | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 628_lf | ||
self deception | self deception, self fooling | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-08 | 627_lf | |
self debasement | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 626_lf | ||
selective perception | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 312_cb | ||
selection effect | selection bias, selection effect | The result when "the members of a statistical sample are not chosen completely at random", and as a result, the sample is "not representative of the population". An example of: availability heuristic. | [6], [20] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 469_cb |
selection bias | selection bias, selection effect | The result when "the members of a statistical sample are not chosen completely at random", and as a result, the sample is "not representative of the population". An example of: availability heuristic. | [6], [20] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 311_cb |
seen it all before | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 852_lf | ||
security theater | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 851_lf | ||
scruples | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 625_lf | ||
Scrooge McDuck fallacy | A mistaken belief that "wealthy peole hoard their money in bank vaults". A fallacy surrounding: capitalism. | [27] | 2024-07-15 | 2024-07-15 | 921_lf | |
scripted message | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 624_lf | ||
scoring | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 623_lf | ||
scope neglect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 310_cb | ||
scare tactics | appeal to fear, bogeyman fallacy, paranoia, scare tactics, shockdoc, shock doctrine, rally 'round the flag, rally 'round the president | A fallacy in which one takes "advantage of a emergent or deliberately-created crisis and its associated public shock, panic and chaos in order to impose an argument, action or solution that would be clearly unacceptable if carefully considered". A "corrupted argument from pathos". A form of playing on emotions. See also: shopping hungry fallacy, dog-whistle politics, we have to do something, worst-case fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 622_lf |
scarcity fallacy | A mistaken belief that "earth is ru nning out of resources". A fallacy surrounding: capitalism. | [27] | 2024-07-15 | 2024-07-15 | 931_lf | |
scapegoating | blamecasting, scapegoating | A fallacy in which there is always someone else to blame than oneself when anything goes wrong. For scapegoating, the blamed entity is typically "other" or marginalized in some way already. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 621_lf |
saying is believing effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 309_cb | ||
save the children fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 620_lf | ||
salience bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 308_cb | ||
salacious fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 619_lf | ||
safe space | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 618_lf | ||
safe place | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 617_lf | ||
rosy retrospection | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 307_cb | ||
root for the underdog | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 850_lf | ||
romantic rebel | brave heretic, conspiracy theories, iconoclastic fallacy, romantic rebel, truthout fallacy, truthdig fallacy | A fallacy of holding a claim as true just because that position "is supposedly standing up heroically to the dominant orthodoxy, the current standard model, conventional wisdom or political correctness, or whatever may be the bandwagon of the moment". A corrupt argument from ethos. The opposite of: bandwagon fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 616_lf |
romantic fallacy | affective fallacy, appeal to emotion, appeal to pity, argument from pity, argumentum ad misericordiam, emotion over reflection, follow your heart, playing to emotions, romantic fallacy | "An emotional appeal to what should be a logical issue". "Opposite to this is...chosen emotion fallacy. Often, "a fallacy of encouragement to root of the underdog regardless of the issues at hand". "A corrupt argument from pathos." A fallacy of relevance. Closely related to angelism. "Opposite to this is...chosen emotion fallacy." Opposite of: appeal to rigor. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-24 | 475_lf |
risk compensation | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 305_cb | ||
risk aversion | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 304_cb | ||
rhyme as reason effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 303_cb | ||
restraint bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 302_cb | ||
resolution by force of arms | appeal to force, argument from force, argument from strength, argument from the club (stick), argumentum ad baculum, bullying, fascism, hard power, might-makes-right, muscular leadership, non-negotiable demands, power-play, resolution by force of arms, shock and awe | A fallacy in which a conclusion is reached due to force, threat of force, or threat of unpleasantness. A fallacy of relevance, since reason for conclusion is not relevant to the argument at hand. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 849_lf |
resilience doctrine | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 848_lf | ||
repetition blindness | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 301_cb | ||
rent control fallacy | A mistaken belief that "rent caps lower prices". A fallacy surrounding: capitalism. | [27] | 2024-07-15 | 2024-07-15 | 926_lf | |
reminiscence bump | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 300_cb | ||
relativizing | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 615_lf | ||
reifying | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 614_lf | ||
regressive bias | conservatism bias, regressive bias | As a memory cognitive bias, the tendency "to remember high values and high likelihoods/probabilities/frequencies as lower than they actually were and low ones as higher than they actually were" ("memories are not extreme enough"). | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 064_ | |
refinement | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 613_lf | ||
reductionism | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 612_lf | ||
reductio ad Hitlerum | ad Hitlerum | An example of ad hominem or guilt by association that invokes a specific extreme persona from history. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-13 | 611_lf |
red herring | Examples include Appeal to Emotion, Irrelevant Conclusion, Personal Attack, and Straw Man. | [2] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 039_lf | |
reciting the litany | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 847_lf | ||
recency illusion | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 299_cb | ||
recency effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 298_cb | ||
recency bias | appeal to novelty, bad old days, early adopter's fallacy, pro-innovation bias, recency bias | A fallacy that a view or other thing must be correct or better because it is new or recent. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-21 | 297_cb |
reading the roll of martyrs | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 846_lf | ||
reactive devaluation | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 296_cb | ||
reactance | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 295_cb | ||
rationalization | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 845_lf | ||
rally 'round the president | appeal to fear, bogeyman fallacy, paranoia, scare tactics, shockdoc, shock doctrine, rally 'round the flag, rally 'round the president | A fallacy in which one takes "advantage of a emergent or deliberately-created crisis and its associated public shock, panic and chaos in order to impose an argument, action or solution that would be clearly unacceptable if carefully considered". A "corrupted argument from pathos". A form of playing on emotions. See also: shopping hungry fallacy, dog-whistle politics, we have to do something, worst-case fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 844_lf |
rally 'round the flag | appeal to fear, bogeyman fallacy, paranoia, scare tactics, shockdoc, shock doctrine, rally 'round the flag, rally 'round the president | A fallacy in which one takes "advantage of a emergent or deliberately-created crisis and its associated public shock, panic and chaos in order to impose an argument, action or solution that would be clearly unacceptable if carefully considered". A "corrupted argument from pathos". A form of playing on emotions. See also: shopping hungry fallacy, dog-whistle politics, we have to do something, worst-case fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 843_lf |
radicalization | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 474_lf | |||
racism | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 842_lf | ||
questioning motives | argument from motives, questioning motives | A fallacy of claiming a point to be false simply on account of improper or evil motives of the person making the claim. See also: moral licensing. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-28 | 841_lf |
questionable authority | eminence-based practice, falacia ad verecundiam, faulty use of authority, questionable authority, star power, testimonial | A fallacy in which arguments "are granted fame and validity or condemed to obscurity soley by whoever may be the reigning stars or premier journals of the profession or discpline at the moment". A "corrupt argument from ethos". Includes: faulty use of quotes. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-21 | 840_lf |
Pygmalion effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 294_cb | ||
puritanical bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 293_cb | ||
pseudocertainty effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 292_cb | ||
prospect theory | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 291_cb | ||
prosopology | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 610_lf | ||
prosopography | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 839_lf | ||
proportionality bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 290_cb | ||
propaganda | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 473_lf | |||
proof texting | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 838_lf | ||
projection bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 289_cb | ||
profiteering | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 472_lf | |||
profanity | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 471_lf | |||
procrustean fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 609_lf | ||
procrastination | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 837_lf | ||
processing difficulty effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 288_cb | ||
probability matching | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 287_cb | ||
pro-innovation bias | appeal to novelty, bad old days, early adopter's fallacy, pro-innovation bias, recency bias | A fallacy that a view or other thing must be correct or better because it is new or recent. | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-21 | 470_lf | |
primacy effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 286_cb | ||
prevention bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 285_cb | ||
present bias | current moment bias, hyperbolic discounting, present bias | A tendency "for people to have a stronger preference for more immediate payoffs relative to later payoffs". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 284_cb |
prejudice | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 836_lf | ||
power-play | appeal to force, argument from force, argument from strength, argument from the club (stick), argumentum ad baculum, bullying, fascism, hard power, might-makes-right, muscular leadership, non-negotiable demands, power-play, resolution by force of arms, shock and awe | A fallacy in which a conclusion is reached due to force, threat of force, or threat of unpleasantness. A fallacy of relevance, since reason for conclusion is not relevant to the argument at hand. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 835_lf |
pout | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 608_lf | ||
poster child | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 834_lf | ||
post-truth | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 607_lf | ||
post hoc propter hoc | post hoc argument, post hoc propter hoc, post hoc ergo propter hoc, too much of a coincidence, clustering illusion | A "classic paranoiac fallacy of attributing an imaginary causality to random coincidences, concluding that just because something happens close to, at the same time as, or just after something else, the first thing is caused by the second". See also: cum hoc ergo propter hoc, correlation implies causation. | [3], [6] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-05 | 833_lf |
post hoc ergo propter hoc | post hoc argument, post hoc propter hoc, post hoc ergo propter hoc, too much of a coincidence, clustering illusion | A "classic paranoiac fallacy of attributing an imaginary causality to random coincidences, concluding that just because something happens close to, at the same time as, or just after something else, the first thing is caused by the second". See also: cum hoc ergo propter hoc, correlation implies causation. | [3], [6] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-05 | 832_lf |
post hoc argument | post hoc argument, post hoc propter hoc, post hoc ergo propter hoc, too much of a coincidence, clustering illusion | A "classic paranoiac fallacy of attributing an imaginary causality to random coincidences, concluding that just because something happens close to, at the same time as, or just after something else, the first thing is caused by the second". See also: cum hoc ergo propter hoc, correlation implies causation. | [3], [6] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-05 | 606_lf |
positivity effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 283_cb | ||
positive thinking fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 605_lf | ||
positive outcome bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 282_cb | ||
pollyanna principle fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 831_lf | ||
Pollyanna principle | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-07 | 604_lf | ||
political theater | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 830_lf | ||
political correctness | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 603_lf | ||
poisoning the well | ad hominem argument, argumentum ad hominem, argument toward the man, attacking the person, personal attack | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-13 | 468_lf | ||
plus ca change plus c'est la meme chose | the more things change the more they stay the same | Literally, "the more things change, the more they stay the same" | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-07 | 829_lf |
pleasure-hating | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 602_lf | ||
playing to emotions | affective fallacy, appeal to emotion, appeal to pity, argument from pity, argumentum ad misericordiam, emotion over reflection, follow your heart, playing to emotions, romantic fallacy | "An emotional appeal to what should be a logical issue". "Opposite to this is...chosen emotion fallacy. Often, "a fallacy of encouragement to root of the underdog regardless of the issues at hand". "A corrupt argument from pathos." A fallacy of relevance. Closely related to angelism. "Opposite to this is...chosen emotion fallacy." Opposite of: appeal to rigor. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-24 | 106_cb |
playing on emotion | bleeding heart, drama queen or drama king fallacy, pathetic fallacy, playing on emotion, sob story | A fallacy in which, ignoring facts, emotion is evoked alone. A fallacy "of pure argument from pathos". The opposite is: apathetic fallacy, burnout, compassion fatigue, cynicism. An obverse is: refinement, real feelings. See also: othering. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 601_lf |
plausible deniability | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 600_lf | ||
plant blindness | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 281_cb | ||
planning fallacy | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 280_cb | ||
plan continuation bias | A tendency to fail to "recognize that the original plan of action is no longer appropriate for a changing situation or for a situation that is different from anticipated". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 279_cb_lf | |
plain truth fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 599_lf | ||
placement bias | A tendency to "remember ourselves to be better than others at tasks at which we rate ourselves above average" and "to remember ourselves to be worse than others at tasks at which we rate ourselves below average". See also: better-than-average effect, illusory superiority, worse-than-average effect. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 278_cb | |
placebo effect | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 827_lf | ||
picture superiority effect | A tendency in which "concepts that are learned by viewing pictures are more easily and frequently recalled than are concepts that are learned by viewing their written word form counterparts." | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 277_cb | |
petitio principii | begging the question, catch 22, circular reasoning, circulus in probando, petitio principii, vicious circle | A fallacy in which the same proposition appears as a premise and as a conclusion (sometimes worded in two statements appearing differently enough to make this not very obvious); for example, "A, therefore B." and also "B, therefore A". Sometimes, begging the question and circular reasoning are used interchangeably and sometimes with a difference--begging the question or petitio principii more specifically assumes as evidence the conclusion they are trying to prove.) A fallacy of logos. A component fallacy. See also: complex question, big lie technique. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 467_lf |
pessimism bias | A tendency "for some people...to overestimate the likelihood of negative things happening to them". See also: cynicism. Opposite of: optimism bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 276_cb | |
personalization | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 598_lf | ||
personal attack | ad hominem argument, argumentum ad hominem, argument toward the man, attacking the person, poisoning the well | Arguing against the opposing party instead of the reasoning given by the opposing party. This might question the intelligence, credentials, or character of the opposition. A "corrupted negative argument from ethos". Subcategories include abusive and circumstantial types. A fallacy of relevance. The opposite of star power. An obverse is token endorsement. See also: guilt by association. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-13 | 002_lf |
persistence | A tendency for a traumatic event to result in unwanted recurrence of memories. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 275_cb | |
Perky effect | A tendency "real images" to "influence imagined images, or be misremembered as imagined rather than real". An example of: misattribution of memory. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 346_cb | |
perfect is the enemy of the good | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 826_lf | ||
Peltzman effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 306_cb | ||
peak–end rule | A tendency in which "people seem to perceive not the sum of an experience but the average of how it was at its peak (e.g., pleasant or unpleasant) and how it ended". A form of: memory bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 274_cb | |
peace through strength | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 825_lf | ||
pathetic fallacy | bleeding heart, drama queen or drama king fallacy, pathetic fallacy, playing on emotion, sob story | A fallacy in which, ignoring facts, emotion is evoked alone. A fallacy "of pure argument from pathos". The opposite is: apathetic fallacy, burnout, compassion fatigue, cynicism. An obverse is: refinement, real feelings. See also: othering. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 824_lf |
paternalism | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 597_lf | ||
passive voice fallacy | bureaucratic passive, passive voice fallacy | An obverse is: be-verb fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 596_lf |
part-list cueing effect | A tendency in which "being shown some items from a list and later retrieving one item causes it to become harder to retrieve the other items". A form of: memory bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 273_cb | |
pars pro toto fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 595_lf | ||
pareidolia | A tendency to "to perceive a vague and random stimulus (often an image or sound) as significant". A form of: apophenia. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 272_cb | |
paranoia | appeal to fear, bogeyman fallacy, paranoia, scare tactics, shockdoc, shock doctrine, rally 'round the flag, rally 'round the president | A fallacy in which one takes "advantage of a emergent or deliberately-created crisis and its associated public shock, panic and chaos in order to impose an argument, action or solution that would be clearly unacceptable if carefully considered". A "corrupted argument from pathos". A form of playing on emotions. See also: shopping hungry fallacy, dog-whistle politics, we have to do something, worst-case fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 823_lf |
paralysis of analysis | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 594_lf | ||
panic | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 593_lf | ||
oversimplifying | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 822_lf | ||
overgeneralization | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 592_lf | ||
overexplanation | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 591_lf | ||
overconfidence effect | A tendency to "have excessive confidence in one's own answers to questions". A form of: egocentric bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 271_cb | |
outgroup homogeneity bias | A tendency in which "individuals see members of other groups as being relatively less varied than members of their own group". A form of: ingroup bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 270_cb | |
outgroup favoritism | A tendency in which "some socially disadvantaged groups will express favorable attitudes (and even preferences) toward social, cultural, or ethnic groups other than their own". A form of: social bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 269_cb | |
outcome bias | argument from consequences, outcome bias | As a logical fallacy (outcome bias): a fallacy of claiming that something cannot be true because, if it were true, that would be bad or have a negative effect (while in reality the validity of the claim does not actually depend on the positive or negative impact of the claims). A fallacy of relevance. (See also: outcome bias. Do not confuse with: actions have consequences.As a cognitive bias (outcome bias): a fallacy "to judge a decision by its eventual outcome instead of the quality of the decision at the time it was made." | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-28 | 268_cb_lf |
otherizing | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 821_lf | ||
othering | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 590_lf | ||
ostrich strategy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 820_lf | ||
ostrich effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 267_cb | ||
optimism bias | A tendency "to be over-optimistic, underestimating greatly the probability of undesirable outcomes and overestimating favorable and pleasing outcomes". Opposite of: pessimism bias. See also: positive outcome bias, valence effect, wishful thinking. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 266_cb | |
oops! | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 589_lf | ||
omission bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 265_cb | ||
olfactory rhetoric | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 588_lf | ||
October surprise | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 690_lf | ||
occasionally extended even to their pets! | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 819_lf | ||
observer-expectancy effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 264_cb | ||
observation selection effect | anthropic bias, anthropic principle, anthropic selection effect, observation selection effect | The tendency for observations about the universe to only be made when there is someone to observe the data or to do the study. Subforms include: weak anthropic principle (universe fine tuning being the result of survivorship bias), strong anthropic principle (the universe being compleled to have conscious, sapient life), participatory anthropic principle (the universe must be observed to exist), final anthropic principle (informational processing as inherent to universe existence). An example of: selection effect. | [19], [20] | 2024-06-16 | 2024-07-07 | 691_lf |
obscurationism | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 818_lf | ||
obscurantism | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 587_lf | ||
obscenity | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 466_lf | |||
objectivity illusion | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 263_cb | ||
objectification | A tendency to treat "a person as an object or a thing". See also: anthropomorphism, dehumanised perception, dehumanization. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 262_cb | |
Nuremberg defense | blind loyalty, blind obedience, Nuremberg defense, team player appeal, unthinking obedience | A fallacy which holds that "an argument or action is right simply and solely because a respected leader or source (a President, expert, one's parents, one's own side, team or country, one's boss or commanding officers) says it is right". A corrupted argument from ethos. See also: big brain little brain fallacy, soldiers' honor fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 372_lf |
nuclear option | all's fair in love and war, changing the rules, moving the goalposts, winning isn't everything it's the only thing | Starting with certain requirements for a decision, then, when, the criteria are met, requiring a higher bar. "A fallacy of logos". | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-14 | 586_lf |
nothing new under the sun | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 585_lf | ||
not invented here | A tendency to dislike or avoid the "contact with or use of products, research, standards, or knowledge developed outside a group". Example of: ingroup bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 261_cb | |
not in my back yard (NIMBY) | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 584_lf | ||
not in my back yard | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 817_lf | ||
normalization of evil | acquiescence, better the devil you know than the devil you don't, deal with it, default bias, get used to it, if it ain't broke don't fix it, it is what it is, let it be let it be, making one's peace with the situation, normalization of evil, this is the best of all possible worlds, whatever is is right | The fallacy that just because something is the current state that is therefore the preferred state. Opposite of: nihilism. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 816_lf |
normalcy bias | A tendency to refuse "to plan for, or react to, a disaster which has never happened before". Bias category: cognitive dissonance. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 260_cb | |
nonviolent civil disobedience | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 815_lf | ||
none of yer beeswax | appeal to privacy, mind your own business, MYOB, none of yer beeswax, so what, you're not the boss of me | A fallacy of preventing discussion of one's point by "drawing a phony curtian of privacy around oneself and one's actions". A counterpart is: heart of darkness syndrome, I think we're alone now, nobody will ever know, what happens in Vegas stays in Vegas. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-26 | 814_lf |
none at all is even better | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 813_lf | ||
noncooperation | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 812_lf | ||
non-recognition | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 583_lf | ||
non-negotiable demands | appeal to force, argument from force, argument from strength, argument from the club (stick), argumentum ad baculum, bullying, fascism, hard power, might-makes-right, muscular leadership, non-negotiable demands, power-play, resolution by force of arms, shock and awe | A fallacy in which a conclusion is reached due to force, threat of force, or threat of unpleasantness. A fallacy of relevance, since reason for conclusion is not relevant to the argument at hand. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 811_lf |
non-argument argument | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 465_lf | |||
non-adaptive choice switching | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 259_cb | ||
non sequitur | it does not follow | Syllogistic errors include undistributed middle term, non causa pro causa, and gnorantio elenchi. A component fallacy. Common examples are: affirming the consequent, denying the antecedent. | [1] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-17 | 016_lf |
nobody will ever know | heart of darkness syndrome, I think we're alone now, nobody will ever know, what happens in Vegas stays in Vegas | A fallacy holding that "one may freely commit immoral, selfish, negative or evil acts at will without expecting any of the normal consequences or punishment" "just because nobody important is looking (or because one is on vacation, or away in college, or overseas)". A counterpart to: appeal to privacy, mind your own business, MYOB, none of yer beeswax, so what, you're not the boss of me | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-26 | 582_lf |
noble effort | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 810_lf | ||
no true Scotsman | A fallacy of omission. | [1] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 029_lf | |
no pain no gain | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 581_lf | ||
no negotiation | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 809_lf | ||
no discussion | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 580_lf | ||
nirvana fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 808_lf | ||
nihilism | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 579_lf | ||
next-in-line effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 258_cb | ||
newspeak | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 578_lf | ||
neglect of probability | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 257_cb | ||
negativity effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 256_cb | ||
negativity bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 255_cb | ||
need to know | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 464_lf | |||
naturalistic fallacy | G.E. Moore's naturalistic fallacy, naturalistic fallacy | A fallacy of inferring "that X is good from any proposition about X’s natural properties". Different than: "argument from nature", "the appeal to nature". | [25] | 2024-07-11 | 919_lf | |
narrative fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 577_lf | ||
name-calling | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 576_lf | ||
name dropping | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 575_lf | ||
name calling | The fallacy of applying a label to an arguer and assigning or implying a conclusion based on that applied label instead of evaluating or addressing the argument at hand. A form of ad hominem. A simplified from of argumentum ad personam. | [8], [9], [11] | 2024-06-14 | 2024-06-14 | 913_lf | |
naive realism | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 254_cb | ||
naive cynicism | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 253_cb | ||
mystagogy | argument from mystery, argumentum ad mysteriam, mystagogy | A fallacy in which some "facts, evidence, practices or arguments" gain weight due to a "quasi-hypnotic effect" that "can often persuade more strongly than any logical argument" derived from special sounds, postures, clothing, rituals, recitations, chants, ancient languages, or other effects introducing a sense of the unknown. Example: long ago and far away. See also: esoteric knowledge. An obverse: standard version fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 807_lf |
myside bias | choice-support bias, choice-supportive bias, defensiveness, myside bias | A fallacy and bias in which "after one has taken a given decision, commitment or course of action, one automatically tends to defend that decision and to irrationally dismiss opposing options even when one's decision later on proves to be shaky or wrong". A "fallacy of ethos (one's own)". See also argument from inertia, confirmation bias. | [3], [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-05 | 463_lf |
MYOB | appeal to privacy, mind your own business, MYOB, none of yer beeswax, so what, you're not the boss of me | A fallacy of preventing discussion of one's point by "drawing a phony curtian of privacy around oneself and one's actions". A counterpart is: heart of darkness syndrome, I think we're alone now, nobody will ever know, what happens in Vegas stays in Vegas. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-26 | 565_lf |
muscular leadership | appeal to force, argument from force, argument from strength, argument from the club (stick), argumentum ad baculum, bullying, fascism, hard power, might-makes-right, muscular leadership, non-negotiable demands, power-play, resolution by force of arms, shock and awe | A fallacy in which a conclusion is reached due to force, threat of force, or threat of unpleasantness. A fallacy of relevance, since reason for conclusion is not relevant to the argument at hand. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 806_lf |
muscular foreign policy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 805_lf | ||
moving the goalposts | all's fair in love and war, changing the rules, nuclear option, winning isn't everything it's the only thing | Starting with certain requirements for a decision, then, when, the criteria are met, requiring a higher bar. "A fallacy of logos". | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-14 | 574_lf |
moving the ball down the field | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 573_lf | ||
motte and bailey fallacy | motte and bailey doctrine, motte and bailey fallacy | A fallacy of conflating two similar positions, one easier to defend and one much more controversial and harder to defend, in which the arguer "advances the controversial position, but when challenged, insists that only the more modest position is being advanced", then claims that the more controversial position has not been refuted. Ain informal fallacy. | [5] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 095_lf |
motte and bailey doctrine | motte and bailey doctrine, motte and bailey fallacy | A fallacy of conflating two similar positions, one easier to defend and one much more controversial and harder to defend, in which the arguer "advances the controversial position, but when challenged, insists that only the more modest position is being advanced", then claims that the more controversial position has not been refuted. Ain informal fallacy. | [5] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-06 | 371_lf |
motivational truth | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 572_lf | ||
motivated ignorance | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 462_lf | |||
mother nature | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 804_lf | ||
mortification | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 571_lf | ||
moral superiority | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 570_lf | ||
moral luck | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 252_cb | ||
moral licensing | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 569_lf | ||
moral high ground | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 568_lf | ||
moral credential effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 251_cb | ||
mood-congruent memory bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 249_cb | ||
monolingual | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 567_lf | ||
monocausal fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 803_lf | ||
money illusion | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 248_cb | ||
modality effect | A tendency in which "memory recall is higher for the last items of a list when the list items were received via speech than when they were received through writing". A form of memory bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 247_cb | |
mistaking the map for the territory | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 802_lf | ||
missing link fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 801_lf | ||
missing link | See also: appeal to a lack of evidence, appeal to ignorance, argumentum ad ignorantiam, argument from ignorance. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 056_lf | |
misinformation effect | The tendency for an "original memory" to be "affected by incorrect information received later" ("a person's recall of episodic memories becomes less accurate because of post-event information"). | [6], [18] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 246_cb | |
misattribution of memory | A tendency for a person recalling a memory to misidentify the origin of the memory. Examples include: cryptomnesia, false memory, social crytomnesia, source confusion, suggestibility, Perky effect. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 245_cb | |
mind-reading | A fallacy in which one claims to cleary understand another's thoughts, emotions, motivations, and body language based on mere speculation, at times claiming to understanding these things better than the subject himself. This speculative "knowledge" can be used in an attempt to incorrectly the support other claims. An ancient fallacy. A corruption of stasis theory (agreeing to disagree). The opposite of: autist's fallacy, mind blindness. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 566_lf | |
mind your own business | appeal to privacy, mind your own business, MYOB, none of yer beeswax, so what, you're not the boss of me | A fallacy of preventing discussion of one's point by "drawing a phony curtian of privacy around oneself and one's actions". A counterpart is: heart of darkness syndrome, I think we're alone now, nobody will ever know, what happens in Vegas stays in Vegas. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-26 | 800_lf |
mind blindness | autist's fallacy, mind blindness | A fallacy in which normal human capacity for "theory of mind" is entirely denied in which it is held that no one can truly understand or know "another's thoughts, emotions, motivations or intents". The opposite of: mind-reading. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 564_lf |
mind | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 563_lf | ||
might-makes-right | appeal to force, argument from force, argument from strength, argument from the club (stick), argumentum ad baculum, bullying, fascism, hard power, might-makes-right, muscular leadership, non-negotiable demands, power-play, resolution by force of arms, shock and awe | A fallacy in which a conclusion is reached due to force, threat of force, or threat of unpleasantness. A fallacy of relevance, since reason for conclusion is not relevant to the argument at hand. | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 461_lf | |
middle of the road fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 562_lf | ||
merological fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 799_lf | ||
mere exposure effect | familiarity principle, mere exposure principle | A tendency to "express undue liking for things merely because of familiarity with them". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 244_cb |
memory inhibition | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 243_cb | ||
memory bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 242_cb | ||
measurability | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 561_lf | ||
material persuasion | bribery, financial incentive, material incentive, material persuasion | A fallacy of obtaining a position through "gifts or favors". Often does not stick unless bribes continue. The reverse of: argumentum ad baculum, appeal to force, argument from the club (stick), argument from force, might-makes-right. See also: appeasement, assertiveness, I know my rights, squeaky wheel gets the grease. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-26 | 798_lf |
material incentive | bribery, financial incentive, material incentive, material persuasion | A fallacy of obtaining a position through "gifts or favors". Often does not stick unless bribes continue. The reverse of: argumentum ad baculum, appeal to force, argument from the club (stick), argument from force, might-makes-right. See also: appeasement, assertiveness, I know my rights, squeaky wheel gets the grease. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-26 | 797_lf |
marginalization of the adversary | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 796_lf | ||
mansplaining | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 560_lf | ||
manifest destiny | American exceptionalism, appeal to heaven, argumentum ad coelum, Deus vult, Gott mit uns, special covenant | A fallacy based on claiming to know God's mind and wishes, which cannot really be challenged. A "deluded argument from ethos". Opposite of Job's comforter fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-14 | 460_lf |
mala fides | arguing in bad faith, mala fides, sophism | A fallacy of putting forth an argument that the argue knows is invalid. Includes: motivational truth, demagogy, campaign promises, self deception, whistling by the graveyward. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-26 | 559_lf |
making peace with one's situation | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 795_lf | ||
making one's peace with the situation | acquiescence, better the devil you know than the devil you don't, deal with it, default bias, get used to it, if it ain't broke don't fix it, it is what it is, let it be let it be, making one's peace with the situation, normalization of evil, this is the best of all possible worlds, whatever is is right | The fallacy that just because something is the current state that is therefore the preferred state. Opposite of: nihilism. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 794_lf |
mainsplaining | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 558_lf | ||
magical thinking | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 557_lf | ||
magic of the market | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 793_lf | ||
mad leader disease | big brain little brain, führerprinzip, mad leader disease | A fallacy in which a person in a leadership or authority position (a work boss, military commander, or some sort of religious, cult, or group leader) tells people to think not with their little brains (the brain in their head) but instead with their big brain (the leader's brain). An "extreme example of the blind loyalty fallacy". Sometimes expressed positively in that the leader takes (moral) responsibilty for decisions. The opposite is: plausible deniability. See also: just do it, gaslighting. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 459_lf |
lying with statistics | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 556_lf | ||
love it or leave it | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 555_lf | ||
love bombing | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 554_lf | ||
lost cause | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 792_lf | ||
loss aversion | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 241_cb | ||
loose lips | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 791_lf | ||
long ago and far away | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 553_lf | ||
logical fallacy | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 240_cb | ||
locker-room talk | alpha-male talk, bad-boy talk | A form of "frank, unguarded or uninhibited offensive expression". A fallacy that holds that some words are excempt from criticism because they are simply the true expression of some perspective having merit due to their representing the uncensored expression of true feelings. See also: venting. See also: affective fallacy. Opposite to this are political correctness and scripted message. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-14 | 552_lf |
lock'em up and throw away the key | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 790_lf | ||
loaded question | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 458_lf | |||
live as though you're dying | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 551_lf | ||
list-length effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 239_cb | ||
levels-of-processing effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 238_cb | ||
leveling and sharpening | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 237_cb | ||
letting off steam | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 789_lf | ||
let the facts speak For themselves | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 457_lf | |||
let the facts speak for themselves | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 788_lf | ||
let it be let it be | acquiescence, better the devil you know than the devil you don't, deal with it, default bias, get used to it, if it ain't broke don't fix it, it is what it is, let it be let it be, making one's peace with the situation, normalization of evil, this is the best of all possible worlds, whatever is is right | The fallacy that just because something is the current state that is therefore the preferred state. Opposite of: nihilism. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 787_lf |
let it be | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 786_lf | ||
less-is-better effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 236_cb | ||
leading the witness fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 550_lf | ||
law of unintended consequences | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 549_lf | ||
law of the instrument | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 235_cb | ||
large-sample bias | A tendency for a model based on large samples of data to under-represent, or not represent, valid and important components that only appeared in a small portion of the sampled data. | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 137_ | ||
language control | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 548_lf | ||
Lake Wobegon effect | better-than-average effect, illusory superiority, Lake Wobegon effect, superiority bias | A "tendency to overestimate one's desirable qualities, and underestimate undesirable qualities, relative to other people". A form of egocentric bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 234_cb |
lag effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 233_cb | ||
knowing full well | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 785_lf | ||
KISS principle | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 689_lf | ||
keeping up standards | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 784_lf | ||
keep it simple stupid (KISS) | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 783_lf | ||
keep it short and simple (KISS) | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 782_lf | ||
karma is a bi**h | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 781_lf | ||
just-world hypothesis | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 232_cb | ||
just plain folks | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 547_lf | ||
just in case | just in case | A fallacy of pessimism with reasoning based on a far-fetched, unlikely, or even entirely imaginary worst-case scenario isntead of being based on reality. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-14 | 780_lf |
just do it | accomplish the mission, by any means necessary, find a way, I don't care how you do it | An argumentum ad baculum (argument from force) that implies arriving at an outcome by aside morality. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-13 | 546_lf |
just a job | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 545_lf | ||
jumping to conclusions | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 456_lf | |||
jumping to a conclusion | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 779_lf | ||
judenrein | broken windows policing, disproportionate response, even one is too many, judenrein, exemplary punishment, zero risk bias | A fallacy of "declaring an 'emergency' and promising to disregard justice and due process and devote unlimited resources (and occasionally, unlimited cruelty) to stamp out a limited, insignificant or even nonexistent problem". A "corrupt and cynical argument from pathos". "Almost always politically driven." A "sinister" form of dog whistle politics. An example of: we have to do something (placebo effect, political theater, security theater, we have to send a message). | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 778_lf |
Job's comforter fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 493_lf | ||
it is what it is | acquiescence, better the devil you know than the devil you don't, deal with it, default bias, get used to it, if it ain't broke don't fix it, it is what it is, let it be let it be, making one's peace with the situation, normalization of evil, this is the best of all possible worlds, whatever is is right | The fallacy that just because something is the current state that is therefore the preferred state. Opposite of: nihilism. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 544_lf |
it does not follow | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 455_lf | |||
irrelevant conclusion | arguing beside the point, ignorantio elenchi, ignoring the issue, irrelevant conclusion | A fallacy of switching attention to a different issue (which might be a valid issue but is unrelated to the topic at hand). A component fallacy. Similar to: begging the question. A common form: the red herring. Another example: tu quoque, and you too. | [1], [2] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-26 | 014_lf |
irrational escalation | escalation of commitment, irrational escalation, sunk cost fallacy | A tendency in which "people justify increased investment in a decision, based on the cumulative prior investment, despite new evidence suggesting that the decision was probably wrong". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 231_cb_lf |
interoceptive bias or hungry judge effect | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 230_cb | ||
intergroup bias | group-serving bias, intergroup bias, in-group bias, in-group favoritism, in-group-out-group bias, in-group preference | A tendency to favor members of a social group to which one blogs over people who are not members of that social group. | [6], [23] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-10 | 161_cb |
intentionality bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 229_cb | ||
insensitivity to sample size | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 228_cb | ||
inner truth | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 454_lf | |||
inner sanctum | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 453_lf | |||
ingroup bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 226_cb | ||
infowars | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 777_lf | ||
infotainment | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 543_lf | ||
infortainment | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 776_lf | ||
information pollution | alt facts, alternate facts, alternative truth, counterknowledge, disinformation, information pollution | A fallacy holding that objective facts and truth cannot really exist, are not durable, or are really subjective. A "fallacy of logos rooted in postmodernism". Related to: big lie technique. See also: gaslighting, blind loyalty, big brain little brain fallacy, two truths. | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 452_lf | |
information cascade | A fallacy in which one echoes others' opinions (often online), even when their own opinions or information exposure contradicts that position. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-26 | 542_lf | |
information bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 227_cb | ||
ineffability | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 541_lf | ||
incomplete information | card stacking, half truth, incomplete information, stacking the deck | A fallacy of ignoring examples or evidence that disprove one's point and instead only listing examples or sharing evidence which would support one's point. A fallacy of omission. A "corrupt argument from logos". Different from: straw man. See also: confirmation bias, hasty generalization. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 775_lf |
in-group-out-group bias | group-serving bias, intergroup bias, in-group bias, in-group favoritism, in-group-out-group bias, in-group preference | A tendency to favor members of a social group to which one blogs over people who are not members of that social group. | [6], [23] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-10 | 715_cb |
in-group preference | group-serving bias, intergroup bias, in-group bias, in-group favoritism, in-group-out-group bias, in-group preference | A tendency to favor members of a social group to which one blogs over people who are not members of that social group. | [6], [23] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-10 | 717_cb |
in-group favoritism | group-serving bias, intergroup bias, in-group bias, in-group favoritism, in-group-out-group bias, in-group preference | A tendency to favor members of a social group to which one blogs over people who are not members of that social group. | [6], [23] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-10 | 186_cb |
in-group bias | group-serving bias, intergroup bias, in-group bias, in-group favoritism, in-group-out-group bias, in-group preference | A tendency to favor members of a social group to which one blogs over people who are not members of that social group. | [6], [23] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-10 | 225_cb |
impostor syndrome | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 224_cb | ||
implicit bias | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 356_cb | ||
implicit association | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 223_cb | ||
illusory truth effect (illusion-of-truth effect) | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 222_cb | ||
illusory superiority | better-than-average effect, illusory superiority, Lake Wobegon effect, superiority bias | A "tendency to overestimate one's desirable qualities, and underestimate undesirable qualities, relative to other people". A form of egocentric bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 221_cb |
illusory correlation | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 220_cb | ||
illusion of validity | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 219_cb | ||
illusion of transparency | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 218_cb | ||
illusion of explanatory depth | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 217_cb | ||
illusion of control | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 216_cb | ||
illusion of asymmetric insight | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 215_cb | ||
IKEA effect | A tendency "for people to place a disproportionately high value on objects that they partially assembled themselves". Ane xample of: effort justification. Bias category: cognitive dissonance. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 214_cb | |
ignoring the issue | arguing beside the point, ignorantio elenchi, ignoring the issue, irrelevant conclusion | A fallacy of switching attention to a different issue (which might be a valid issue but is unrelated to the topic at hand). A component fallacy. Similar to: begging the question. A common form: the red herring. Another example: tu quoque, and you too. | [1], [2] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-26 | 451_lf |
ignorantio elenchi | arguing beside the point, ignorantio elenchi, ignoring the issue, irrelevant conclusion | A fallacy of switching attention to a different issue (which might be a valid issue but is unrelated to the topic at hand). A component fallacy. Similar to: begging the question. A common form: the red herring. Another example: tu quoque, and you too. | [1], [2] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-26 | 450_lf |
if it ain't broke don't fix it | acquiescence, better the devil you know than the devil you don't, deal with it, default bias, get used to it, if it ain't broke don't fix it, it is what it is, let it be let it be, making one's peace with the situation, normalization of evil, this is the best of all possible worlds, whatever is is right | The fallacy that just because something is the current state that is therefore the preferred state. Opposite of: nihilism. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 774_lf |
identity politics | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 773_lf | ||
identity fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 540_lf | ||
iconoclastic fallacy | brave heretic, conspiracy theories, iconoclastic fallacy, romantic rebel, truthout fallacy, truthdig fallacy | A fallacy of holding a claim as true just because that position "is supposedly standing up heroically to the dominant orthodoxy, the current standard model, conventional wisdom or political correctness, or whatever may be the bandwagon of the moment". A corrupt argument from ethos. The opposite of: bandwagon fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 772_lf |
I-knew-it-all-along effect | hindsight bias, hindsight is 20/20, I-knew-it-all-along effect | A tendency to "see past events as having been predictable". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 204_cb |
I've got to do what I've got to do | a person's got to do what a person's got to do, a man's got to do what a man's got to do, I've got to do what I've got to do | This fallacy draws a conclusion based on (potentially prejudiced identity or gender-based) feelings or emotion not necessarily having a foundation in logical reasoning (e.g., it is possible that they do not really have to arrive at that outcome). A form of the affective fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-14 | 2024-07-02 | 912_lf |
I'm trying my best | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 688_lf | ||
I wish I had a magic wand | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 492_lf | ||
I think we're alone now | heart of darkness syndrome, I think we're alone now, nobody will ever know, what happens in Vegas stays in Vegas | A fallacy holding that "one may freely commit immoral, selfish, negative or evil acts at will without expecting any of the normal consequences or punishment" "just because nobody important is looking (or because one is on vacation, or away in college, or overseas)". A counterpart to: appeal to privacy, mind your own business, MYOB, none of yer beeswax, so what, you're not the boss of me | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-26 | 687_lf |
I know my rights | appeasement, assertiveness, I know my rights, squeaky wheel gets the grease | A fallacy of obtaining a result not through argument but through the audience's willingness to give in so that the opposition will simply be satisfied, quieter, or no longer a nuisance. Common in public agencies, education, and retail. Sometimes promoted as a practical, nonviolent way for groups to promote change. See also: bribery. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-26 | 449_lf |
I forgot... | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 685_lf | ||
I don't want to hear it! | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 684_lf | ||
I don't want to hear it | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 370_lf | |||
I don't care how you do it | accomplish the mission, by any means necessary, find a way, just do it | An argumentum ad baculum (argument from force) that implies arriving at an outcome by aside morality. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-13 | 683_lf |
I do it too | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-26 | 682_lf | ||
hypostatization | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 539_lf | ||
hyperbolic discounting | current moment bias, hyperbolic discounting, present bias | A tendency "for people to have a stronger preference for more immediate payoffs relative to later payoffs". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 212_cb |
hyperbole | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 538_lf | ||
humor effect | A tendency for "humorous items" to be "more easily remembered than non-humorous ones". A form of: memory bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 211_cb | |
humanitarian crisis | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 771_lf | ||
Hoyle's fallacy | The false assumption that a low-probablility event could never have happened or will never happen. An obverse: you can't win if you don't play, someone's going to win and it might as well be you. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-05 | 097_lf | |
hot-hand fallacy | hot hand, hot-hand fallacy, hot hand phenomenon | A tendency to believe that "a person who has experienced success with a random event has a greater chance of further success in additional attempts". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 210_cb |
hot-cold empathy gap | A tendency to "underestimate the influence of visceral drives on one's attitudes, preferences, and behaviors". Bias category: self-assessment. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 207_cb | |
hot hand phenomenon | hot hand, hot-hand fallacy, hot hand phenomenon | A tendency to believe that "a person who has experienced success with a random event has a greater chance of further success in additional attempts". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 209_cb |
hot hand | hot hand, hot-hand fallacy, hot hand phenomenon | A tendency to believe that "a person who has experienced success with a random event has a greater chance of further success in additional attempts". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 208_cb |
hostile attribution bias | A tendency to "interpret others' behaviors as having hostile intent, even when the behavior is ambiguous or benign". A form of: attribution bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 206_cb | |
homophily | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 770_lf | ||
hindsight is 20/20 effect | hindsight bias, hindsight is 20/20, I-knew-it-all-along effect | A tendency to "see past events as having been predictable". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 205_cb |
hindsight bias | hindsight bias, hindsight is 20/20 effect, I-knew-it-all-along effect | A tendency to "see past events as having been predictable". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 203_cb |
hey sports fans | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 537_lf | ||
heroes all | everybody's a winner, heroes all | A fallacy holding that "everyone is above average or extraordinary". Opposite is: all the king's men. See also: hero-busting, identity fallacy, perfect is the enemy of good. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 096_lf |
hero-busting | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 536_lf | ||
hero busting | the perfect is the enemy of the good | Used to assist Identity Fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 094_lf |
herd behavior | A tendency of "individuals in a group acting collectively without centralized direction". | [6], [24] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 202_cb | |
hedonism | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 535_lf | ||
hedonic recall bias | A tendency "for people who are satisfied with their wage to overestimate how much they earn, and vice versa, for people who are unsatisfied with their wage to underestimate it". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-10 | 201_cb | |
heart of darkness syndrome | heart of darkness syndrome, I think we're alone now, nobody will ever know, what happens in Vegas stays in Vegas | A fallacy holding that "one may freely commit immoral, selfish, negative or evil acts at will without expecting any of the normal consequences or punishment" "just because nobody important is looking (or because one is on vacation, or away in college, or overseas)". A counterpart to: appeal to privacy, mind your own business, MYOB, none of yer beeswax, so what, you're not the boss of me | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-26 | 769_lf |
hear no evil speak no evil | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 448_lf | |||
hear no evil see no evil speak no evil | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 768_lf | ||
hasty generalization | dicto simpliciter, jumping to conclusions, converse accident | One type is Fallacy of Accident. One type is the Misleading Statistic. A component fallacy. | [1], [2] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 012_lf |
hasty conclusion | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 767_lf | ||
hard–easy effect | A tendency "to overestimate one's ability to accomplish hard tasks, and underestimate one's ability to accomplish easy tasks". Category of bias: self-assessment. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-10 | 200_cb | |
hard power | appeal to force, argument from force, argument from strength, argument from the club (stick), argumentum ad baculum, bullying, fascism, hard power, might-makes-right, muscular leadership, non-negotiable demands, power-play, resolution by force of arms, shock and awe | A fallacy in which a conclusion is reached due to force, threat of force, or threat of unpleasantness. A fallacy of relevance, since reason for conclusion is not relevant to the argument at hand. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 766_lf |
halo effect | A social bias. A form of association fallacy. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 199_cb | |
half truth | card stacking, half truth, incomplete information, stacking the deck | A fallacy of ignoring examples or evidence that disprove one's point and instead only listing examples or sharing evidence which would support one's point. A fallacy of omission. A "corrupt argument from logos". Different from: straw man. See also: confirmation bias, hasty generalization. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 447_lf |
guilt by association | discredit by association | A fallacy of trying to argue against a point by "evoking the negative ethos" (the negative charcteristics) of the associations of the opponent (e.g., by way of their professional or social relationships, political party, religion, ethnicity, or other group or institutional memberhip). An extreme case is: for my enemies nothing. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-16 | 093_lf |
groupthink | A tendency in which "the desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome" as people "try to minimize conflict and reach a consensus decision without critical evaluation of alternative viewpoints by actively suppressing dissenting viewpoints, and by isolating themselves from outside influences". Example of: conformity. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-10 | 198_cb | |
groupshift | A tendency "for decisions to be more risk-seeking or risk-averse than the group as a whole, if the group is already biased in that direction". Example of: conformity. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-10 | 197_cb | |
group-serving bias | group-serving bias, intergroup bias, in-group bias, in-group favoritism, in-group-out-group bias, in-group preference | A tendency to favor members of a social group to which one blogs over people who are not members of that social group. | [6], [23] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-10 | 196_cb |
group attribution error | A tendency to believe that "the characteristics of an individual group member are reflective of the group as a whole" or to "assume that group decision outcomes reflect the preferences of group members" "even when information is available that clearly suggests otherwise". Example of: attribution bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-10 | 195_cb | |
grit | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 765_lf | ||
green fallacy | appeal to nature, biologizing, green fallacy | A fallacy that just because something is natural, therefore "it has to be good, healthy, and beneficial". A "contemporary romantic fallacy of ethos". See also: argument from natural law. | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-23 | 446_lf | |
greedflation fallacy | A mistaken belief that "corporate greed causes inflation". A fallacy surrounding: capitalism. | [27] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-15 | 213_lf | |
Gott mit uns | American exceptionalism, appeal to heaven, argumentum ad coelum, Deus vult, manifest destiny, special covenant | A fallacy based on claiming to know God's mind and wishes, which cannot really be challenged. A "deluded argument from ethos". Opposite of Job's comforter fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-14 | 445_lf |
Google effect | A tendency to "forget information that can be found readily online by using Internet search engines". A memory bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-10 | 194_cb | |
good simpleton | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 764_lf | ||
good old days | appeal to tradition, argumentum ad traditionem, argumentum ad antiquitatem, back in those good times, conservative bias, good old days | A fallacy of holding a position as correct or a thing (scenario or deed) as good because it has always been that way or was that way long ago (and might still "serve one particular group very well"). A fallacy of relevance. A "corrupted argument from ethos" (from the past). Often related in time to the audience's young years, but not prior. Opposite of: appeal to novelty, bad old days, early adopter's fallacy, pro-innovation bias, recency bias. | [1], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-26 | 444_lf |
golden age fallacy | A mistaken belief that people "should strive to return to" a "perfect time in history" that existed. A fallacy surrounding: capitalism. | [27] | 2024-07-15 | 2024-07-15 | 922_lf | |
gnosticism | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 443_lf | |||
Gitmo solution | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 681_lf | ||
getting even | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 763_lf | ||
get used to it | acquiescence, better the devil you know than the devil you don't, deal with it, default bias, get used to it, if it ain't broke don't fix it, it is what it is, let it be let it be, making one's peace with the situation, normalization of evil, this is the best of all possible worlds, whatever is is right | The fallacy that just because something is the current state that is therefore the preferred state. Opposite of: nihilism. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 762_lf |
get over it | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 534_lf | ||
genetic fallacy | A fallacy of claiming something as untrustworthy due to its "racial, geographic, or ethnic origin". A fallacy of relevance. Related to ad hominem, personal attack. | [1] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-21 | 004_lf | |
generation effect | generation effect, self-generation effect | A tendnecy in which "self-generated information is remembered best". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-10 | 192_cb |
gender differences in eyewitness memory | A tendency "for a witness to remember more details about someone of the same gender". A memory bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-10 | 191_cb | |
gender bias | A "set of implicit biases that discriminate against a gender". Examples: "the assumption that women are less suited to jobs requiring high intellectual ability" and "the assumption that people or animals are male in the absence of any indicators of gender". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-10 | 190_cb | |
gaslighting | A fallacy of "denying or invalidating a person's own knowledge and experiences by deliberately twisting or distorting known facts, memories, scenes, events and evidence in order to disorient a vulnerable opponent and to make him or her doubt his/her sanity". An example is: emotional invalidation. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-05 | 091_lf | |
gambler's fallacy | A tendency to "think that future probabilities are altered by past events, when in reality they are unchanged". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-10 | 189_cb | |
G.E. Moore's naturalistic fallacy | G.E. Moore's naturalistic fallacy, naturalistic fallacy | A fallacy of inferring "that X is good from any proposition about X’s natural properties". Different than: "argument from nature", "the appeal to nature". | [25] | 2024-07-11 | 2024-07-11 | 920_lf |
G. I. Joe fallacy | A tendency to "think that knowing about cognitive bias is enough to overcome it". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-10 | 188_cb | |
führerprinzip | big brain little brain, führerprinzip, mad leader disease | A fallacy in which a person in a leadership or authority position (a work boss, military commander, or some sort of religious, cult, or group leader) tells people to think not with their little brains (the brain in their head) but instead with their big brain (the leader's brain). An "extreme example of the blind loyalty fallacy". Sometimes expressed positively in that the leader takes (moral) responsibilty for decisions. The opposite is: plausible deniability. See also: just do it, gaslighting. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 442_lf |
fundamental pain bias | A tendency "for people to believe they accurately report their own pain levels while holding the paradoxical belief that others exaggerate it". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-10 | 187_cb | |
fundamental attribution error | attribution error, fundamental attribution error, self justification | A tendency to assume that others' (poor) behavior results from character defects (personality) while under-emphasizing the influence of the situation on others' behavior, while, at the same time, one's own behavior is held to be due to environmental factors (situtation). A "corrupt argument from ethos". Obverse is: self debasement, self deprecation. See also: group attribution error, ultimate attribution error. | [3], [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-10 | 090_cb_lf |
fundamental attribution | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 533_lf | ||
functional fixedness | A tendenency "limiting a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 185_cb | |
frequency illusion | Baader–Meinhof phenomenon, frequency illusion | A cognitive bias in which "once something has been noticed, then every instance of that thing is noticed, leading to the belief it has a high frequency of occurrence". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 184_cb |
free speech fallacy | An example is the Safe Space or Safe Place. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 089_lf | |
framing effect | The tendency to "draw different conclusions from the same information, depending on how that information is presented". Examples include: contrast effect, decoy effect, default effect, denomination effect, distinction bias, domain neglect bias, context neglect bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 183_cb | |
form function attribution bias | A tendnecy of people "to make systematic errors when interacting with a robot""based on its appearance (form)". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 182_cb | |
Forer effect | Barnum effect, Forer effect | A tendency "for individuals to give high accuracy ratings to descriptions of their personality that supposedly are tailored specifically for them, but are in fact vague and general enough to apply to a wide range of people". A form of egocentric bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 181_cb |
Fordism | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 680_lf | ||
for my friends anything | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 441_lf | |||
for my friends any thing | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 761_lf | ||
for my enemies nothing fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 532_lf | ||
follow your heart | affective fallacy, appeal to emotion, appeal to pity, argument from pity, argumentum ad misericordiam, emotion over reflection, follow your heart, playing to emotions, romantic | "An emotional appeal to what should be a logical issue". "Opposite to this is...chosen emotion fallacy. Often, "a fallacy of encouragement to root of the underdog regardless of the issues at hand". "A corrupt argument from pathos." A fallacy of relevance. Closely related to angelism. "Opposite to this is...chosen emotion fallacy." Opposite of: appeal to rigor. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-24 | 440_lf |
focalism | A tendency to rely too much on one particular thing (often the first available thing) when considering a decision. See also: common source bias, conservatism bias, functional fixedness, law of the instrument. See also: anchoring bias, attention bias, attentional bias, availability bias, availability heuristic. | [6] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 903_cb | |
fixed pie fallacy | A mistaken belief that "there is a fixed pie of wealth, and every winner creates a loser". A fallacy surrounding: capitalism. | [27] | 2024-07-15 | 2024-07-15 | 928_lf | |
finish the job | Related to Just a Job. See also Blind Loyalty, Soldiers Honor Fallacy, Argument from Inertia. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 088_lf | |
find a way | accomplish the mission, by any means necessary, just do it, I don't care how you do it | An argumentum ad baculum (argument from force) that implies arriving at an outcome by aside morality. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-13 | 909_lf |
financial incentive | bribery, financial incentive, material incentive, material persuasion | A fallacy of obtaining a position through "gifts or favors". Often does not stick unless bribes continue. The reverse of: argumentum ad baculum, appeal to force, argument from the club (stick), argument from force, might-makes-right. See also: appeasement, assertiveness, I know my rights, squeaky wheel gets the grease. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-26 | 760_lf |
favoritism | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 439_lf | |||
faulty use of quotes | devil quotes scripture | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-21 | 531_lf | |
faulty use of authority | eminence-based practice, falacia ad verecundiam, faulty use of authority, questionable authority, star power, testimonial | A fallacy in which arguments "are granted fame and validity or condemed to obscurity soley by whoever may be the reigning stars or premier journals of the profession or discpline at the moment". A "corrupt argument from ethos". Includes: faulty use of quotes. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-21 | 759_lf |
faulty analogy | A component fallacy. | [1] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 019_lf | |
fascism | appeal to force, argument from force, argument from strength, argument from the club (stick), argumentum ad baculum, bullying, fascism, hard power, might-makes-right, muscular leadership, non-negotiable demands, power-play, resolution by force of arms, shock and awe | A fallacy in which a conclusion is reached due to force, threat of force, or threat of unpleasantness. A fallacy of relevance, since reason for conclusion is not relevant to the argument at hand. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 758_lf |
familiarity principle | familiarity principle, mere exposure principle | A tendency to "express undue liking for things merely because of familiarity with them". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 180_cb |
false uniqueness bias | A tendency people have to "see their projects and themselves as more singular than they actually are". A form of: egocentric bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 179_cb | |
false priors | A scenarion in which "initial beliefs and knowledge ... interfere with the unbiased evaluation of factual evidence and lead to incorrect conclusions". Examples include: agent detection bias, automation bias, gender bias, sexual overperception bias, stereotyping. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 178_cb | |
false memory | A scenarion in which "imagination is mistaken for a memory". A form of: misattribution of memory. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 177_cb | |
false dilemma | all or nothing thinking, bifurcation, black and white fallacy, black/white fallacy, either or fallacy, either/or reasoning, excluded middle, false binary, false dilemma | A conclusion is reached based on there only being two possible options, when really the possibilities are not so limited. A component fallacy. | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-14 | 438_lf | |
false dichotomy | all or nothing thinking, bifurcation, black and white fallacy, black/white fallacy, either or fallacy, either/or reasoning, excluded middle, false binary, false dilemma | A conclusion is reached based on there only being two possible options, when really the possibilities are not so limited. A component fallacy. | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-14 | 437_lf | |
false consensus effect | A tendency to "overestimate the degree to which others agree with them". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 176_cb | |
false cause | coincidental correlation, post hoc ergo propter hoc | One type is Non Causa Pro Causa or Not the cause for a cause. One type is Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc or After this, therefore because of this. A component fallacy. | [1], [2] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 013_lf |
false binary | all or nothing thinking, bifurcation, black and white fallacy, black/white fallacy, either or fallacy, either/or reasoning, excluded middle, false binary, false dilemma | A conclusion is reached based on there only being two possible options, when really the possibilities are not so limited. A component fallacy. | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-14 | 436_lf | |
false analogy | Opposite of Sui Generis Fallacy, Difference. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 087_lf | |
fallacy of speculation | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 757_lf | ||
fallacy of reification | fallacy of misplaced concreteness | A fallacy of ambiguity. | [1] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 027_lf |
fallacy of misplaced concreteness | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 435_lf | |||
fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 530_lf | ||
falacia ad verecundiam | eminence-based practice, falacia ad verecundiam, faulty use of authority, questionable authority, star power, testimonial | A fallacy in which arguments "are granted fame and validity or condemed to obscurity soley by whoever may be the reigning stars or premier journals of the profession or discpline at the moment". A "corrupt argument from ethos". Includes: faulty use of quotes. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-21 | 756_lf |
falacia ad verbosium | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 755_lf | ||
falacia ad temperantiam | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 754_lf | ||
fake news | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 753_lf | ||
fait accompli | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 529_lf | ||
fair share fallacy | A mistaken belief that "the rich pay no tax". A fallacy surrounding: capitalism. | [27] | 2024-07-15 | 2024-07-15 | 924_lf | |
fading affect bias | A tendency in which "the emotion associated with unpleasant memories fades more quickly than the emotion associated with positive events". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 175_cb | |
fable | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 752_lf | ||
F-bomb | cursing, obscenity, profanity | Related to Salacious Fallacy. See also Red Herring. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-13 | 086_lf |
extrinsic incentives bias | A scenario in which "people view others as having (situational) extrinsic motivations and (dispositional) intrinsic motivations for oneself". An exception to: fundamental attribution error. A form of: attribution bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 174_cb | |
extension neglect | A senario in which "the quantity of the sample size is not sufficiently taken into consideration when assessing the outcome, relevance or judgement". Examples include: base rate fallacy, compassion fade, conjunction fallacy, duration neglect, hyperbolic discounting, insensitivity to sample size, less-is-better effect, neglect of probability, scope insensitivity, scope neglect, zero-risk bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 173_cb | |
experimenter's bias | expectation bias, experimenter's bias | A tendency "for experimenters to believe, certify, and publish data that agree with their expectations for the outcome of an experiment, and to disbelieve, discard, or downgrade the corresponding weightings for data that appear to conflict with those expectations". An example of: confirmation bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 172_cb |
expectation bias | expectation bias, experimenter's bias | A tendency "for experimenters to believe, certify, and publish data that agree with their expectations for the outcome of an experiment, and to disbelieve, discard, or downgrade the corresponding weightings for data that appear to conflict with those expectations". An example of: confirmation bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 171_cb |
expect a miracle | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 751_lf | ||
exemplary punishment | broken windows policing, disproportionate response, even one is too many, judenrein, exemplary punishment, zero risk bias | A fallacy of "declaring an 'emergency' and promising to disregard justice and due process and devote unlimited resources (and occasionally, unlimited cruelty) to stamp out a limited, insignificant or even nonexistent problem". A "corrupt and cynical argument from pathos". "Almost always politically driven." A "sinister" form of dog whistle politics. An example of: we have to do something (placebo effect, political theater, security theater, we have to send a message). | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 750_lf |
executive summary | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 749_lf | ||
excluded outliers | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 528_lf | ||
excluded middle | all or nothing thinking, bifurcation, black and white fallacy, black/white fallacy, either or fallacy, either/or reasoning, excluded middle, false binary, false dichotomy, false dilemma | If a little is good, then more must be better. Or, if less is good, then none is better. "A corrupted argument from logos".One opposite is excluded outliers. Another opposite is middle of the road fallacy (falacia ad temperantiam, the politics of the center, marginalization of the adversary).A conclusion is reached based on there only being two possible options, when really the possibilities are not so limited. A component fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-14 | 085_lf |
exaggerated expectation | A tendency to "expect or predict more extreme outcomes than those outcomes that actually happen". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 170_cb | |
everybody's a winner | everybody's a winner, heroes all | A fallacy holding that "everyone is above average or extraordinary". Opposite is: all the king's men. See also: hero-busting, identity fallacy, perfect is the enemy of good. | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 434_lf | |
every revolution ends up eating its own young | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 748_lf | ||
evening up the score | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 527_lf | ||
even one is too many | broken windows policing, disproportionate response, even one is too many, judenrein, exemplary punishment, zero risk bias | A fallacy of "declaring an 'emergency' and promising to disregard justice and due process and devote unlimited resources (and occasionally, unlimited cruelty) to stamp out a limited, insignificant or even nonexistent problem". A "corrupt and cynical argument from pathos". "Almost always politically driven." A "sinister" form of dog whistle politics. An example of: we have to do something (placebo effect, political theater, security theater, we have to send a message). | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 747_lf |
euphoric recall | A tendency to "remember past experiences in a positive light, while overlooking negative experiences associated with that even". A type of: memory bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 169_cb | |
etymological fallacy | etymological fallacy, underlying meaning | A fallacy of "drawing false conclusions from the...linguistic origins of a current word" or the "alleged meanings or associations of that word in another langauge". "A fallacy of logos."" | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-06 | 084_lf |
essentializing | Opposite of Relativizing. See also Red Herring, Appeal to Nature. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 083_lf | |
esoteric wisdom | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 433_lf | |||
esoteric knowledge | esoteric wisdom, gnosticism, inner truth, inner sanctum, need to know | Counterpart is Obscurantism, Willful Ignorance. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 082_lf |
eschatological fallacy | A fallacy that argues that "the world is coming to an end" so therefore some position is reasonable. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-05 | 081_lf | |
escalation of commitment | escalation of commitment, irrational escalation, sunk cost fallacy | A tendency in which "people justify increased investment in a decision, based on the cumulative prior investment, despite new evidence suggesting that the decision was probably wrong". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 168_cb |
equivocation | A fallacy of ambiguity. | [1] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 023_lf | |
equivocation | A fallacy of "knowingly and deliberately using words in a different sense than the one the audience will understand" or "deliberately failing to define one's terms" or for "the same term...using differing meanings" or "using a word in a different way than the author used it in the original premise" or "changing definitions halfway through a discussion". A fallacy of ambiguity. Compare with: amphiboly. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-05 | 037_lf | |
epistemically closed systems | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 746_lf | ||
endowment effect | A tendency "for people to demand much more to give up an object than they would be willing to pay to acquire it". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 167_cb | |
end-of-history illusion | A an "age-independent" tendency to "believe that one will change less in the future than one has in the past". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 166_cb | |
emotional reasoning | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 745_lf | ||
emotional invalidation | A fallacy of "questioning, after the fact, the reality or validity of affective [emotional] states, either another's or one's own". An example of: gaslighting. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-05 | 092_lf | |
emotional | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 526_lf | ||
emotion over reflection | affective fallacy, appeal to emotion, appeal to pity, argument from pity, argumentum ad misericordiam, emotion over reflection, follow your heart, playing to emotions, romantic fallacy | "An emotional appeal to what should be a logical issue". "Opposite to this is...chosen emotion fallacy. Often, "a fallacy of encouragement to root of the underdog regardless of the issues at hand". "A corrupt argument from pathos." A fallacy of relevance. Closely related to angelism. "Opposite to this is...chosen emotion fallacy." Opposite of: appeal to rigor. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-24 | 432_lf |
eminence-based practice | eminence-based practice, falacia ad verecundiam, faulty use of authority, questionable authority, star power, testimonial | A fallacy in which arguments "are granted fame and validity or condemed to obscurity soley by whoever may be the reigning stars or premier journals of the profession or discpline at the moment". A "corrupt argument from ethos". Includes: faulty use of quotes. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-21 | 744_lf |
elections have consequences | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 525_lf | ||
either/or reasoning | all or nothing thinking, bifurcation, black and white fallacy, black/white fallacy, either/or reasoning, excluded middle, false binary, false dichotomy, false dilemma | A conclusion is reached based on there only being two possible options, when really the possibilities are not so limited. A component fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-14 | 524_lf |
either or fallacy | all or nothing thinking, bifurcation, black and white fallacy, black/white fallacy, either/or reasoning, excluded middle, false binary, false dichotomy, false dilemma | A conclusion is reached based on there only being two possible options, when really the possibilities are not so limited. A component fallacy. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-14 | 018_lf |
egocentric bias | A "tendency to rely too heavily on one's own perspective and/or have a different perception of oneself relative to others". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 165_cb | |
ego / nos quoque | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 523_lf | ||
effort justification | A tendency to "attribute greater value to an outcome if they had to put effort into achieving it". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 164_cb | |
early adopter's fallacy | appeal to novelty, bad old days, early adopter's fallacy, pro-innovation bias, recency bias | A fallacy that a view or other thing must be correct or better because it is new or recent. | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-21 | 431_lf | |
E for effort | An example is Waving the Bloody Shirt, the Blood of the Martyrs Fallacy. See also Cost Bias, Solider’s Honor Fallacy, Argument from Inertia. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 080_lf | |
dynamic inconsistency | dynamic inconsistency, time inconsistency | A scenario in which "a decision-maker's preferences change over time in such a way that a preference can become inconsistent at another point in time". See also: current moment bias, hyperbiolic discounting, present bias | [6], [21] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 163_cb |
duration neglect | The "neglect of the duration of an episode in determining its value". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-06 | 162_cb | |
Dunning-Kruger effect | A cognitive bias and logical fallacy in which "people of limited skills or knowledge mistakenly believe their abilities are greater than they actually are". Clarifying notes: "Dunning and Kruger themselves never claimed to show that the unskilled think they're better than the skilled." "Also, there is a positive correlation between actual performance and perceived performance." | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-05 | 079_cb_lf | |
dread aversion | The tendency for dread to "double the emotional impact of savouring". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 160_cb | |
draw your own conclusion fallacy | non-argument argument, let the facts speak For themselves | Related to Leading The Witness Fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 078_lf |
drama queen or drama king fallacy | bleeding heart, drama queen or drama king fallacy, pathetic fallacy, playing on emotion, sob story | A fallacy in which, ignoring facts, emotion is evoked alone. A fallacy "of pure argument from pathos". The opposite is: apathetic fallacy, burnout, compassion fatigue, cynicism. An obverse is: refinement, real feelings. See also: othering. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 743_lf |
don't fix it | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 742_lf | ||
domino theory | camel's nose fallacy, domino theory, slippery slope | A fallacy holding that "one thing inevitably leads to another" when this is not necessarily the case. A non sequitur. A component fallacy. | [1], [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 741_lf |
domain neglect bias | A trendency "neglect relevant domain knowledge while solving interdisciplinary problems". An example of: framing effect. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 159_cb | |
dogmatism | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 740_lf | ||
dog-whistle politics | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 522_lf | ||
dog whistle politics | A fallacy in which, instead of addressing, refuting, or listening to arguments, an arguer uses "brief phrases or slogans of the hour" that reflexively "sends one's audience...into a frenzy" such that "any reasoned attempt to more clearly identify, deconstruct, or challenge an opponent's dog whistle appeal results in puzzled confusion at best and wild, irrational fury at worst". A "fallacy of logos and pathos". See also: reductionism. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-05 | 077_lf | |
division | A fallacy of ambiguity. | [1] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 026_lf | |
division | The opposite of Composition. | [2] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 036_lf | |
distraction | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 739_lf | ||
distinction bias | A tendency to "view two options as more dissimilar when evaluating them simultaneously than when evaluating them separately". An example of: framing effect. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 158_cb | |
disproportionate response | broken windows policing, disproportionate response, even one is too many, judenrein, exemplary punishment, zero risk bias | A fallacy of "declaring an 'emergency' and promising to disregard justice and due process and devote unlimited resources (and occasionally, unlimited cruelty) to stamp out a limited, insignificant or even nonexistent problem". A "corrupt and cynical argument from pathos". "Almost always politically driven." A "sinister" form of dog whistle politics. An example of: we have to do something (placebo effect, political theater, security theater, we have to send a message). | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 738_lf |
disposition effect | A tendency "sell an asset that has accumulated in value and resist selling an asset that has declined in value". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | 157_cb | |
disinformation | disinformation | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-14 | 430_lf | ||
discredit by association | guilt by association | A fallacy of trying to argue against a point by "evoking the negative ethos" (the negative charcteristics) of the associations of the opponent (e.g., by way of their professional or social relationships, political party, religion, ethnicity, or other group or institutional memberhip). An extreme case is: for my enemies nothing. | 2024-06-16 | 2024-06-21 | 915_lf | |
disciplinary blinders | See also Star Power, Two Truths. Analogous to Denominational Blinders. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 076_lf | |
diminished responsibility | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 521_lf | ||
differance | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 737_lf | ||
die away ye old forms and logic | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 736_lf | ||
die away | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 735_lf | ||
dicto simpliciter | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 429_lf | |||
devil quotes scripture | faulty use of quotes | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-21 | 734_lf | |
Deus vult | American exceptionalism, appeal to heaven, argumentum ad coelum, Gott mit uns, manifest destiny, special covenant | A fallacy based on claiming to know God's mind and wishes, which cannot really be challenged. A "deluded argument from ethos". Opposite of Job's comforter fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-14 | 428_lf |
denominational blindness | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 520_lf | ||
denominational | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 519_lf | ||
denomination effect | A tendency "to spend more money when it is denominated in small amounts (e.g., coins) rather than large amounts (e.g., bills)". An example of: framing effect. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 156_cb | |
demagogy | campaign promises, demagogy | A fallacy of "deliberately lying to the people to gain their support or motivate" some action desired by the promoter of the lie. Related: self deception, whistling by the graveyard. See also: argument to the people, argumentum ad populum, dog-whistle politics, othering. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 518_lf |
deliberate ignorance | closed-mindedness, motivated ignorance, tuning out, hear no evil speak no evil, three monkeys fallacy, I don't want to hear it | See also: Trust Your Gut, Confirmation Bias, Third Person Effect, They’re All Crooks, Simpletons Fallacy, Positive Thinking Fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 075_lf |
dehumanization | dehumanised perception, dehumanization | As a cognitive bias: a phenomenon of "not attributing feelings or thoughts to another person"; a form of: objectification. As a logical fallacy: a "faulty analogy where opponents are dismissed as mere cockroaches, lice, apes, monkeys, rats, weasels or bloodsucking parasites who have no right to speak or to live at all, and probably should be squashed like bugs"; opposite of: Polyanna principle, projection bias, singing kumbay, they're just like us; see also: identity fallacy, name calling, olfactory rhetoric. | [3], [6] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-07 | 517_cb_lf |
dehumanised perception | dehumanised perception, dehumanization | As a cognitive bias: a phenomenon of "not attributing feelings or thoughts to another person"; a form of: objectification. As a logical fallacy: a "faulty analogy where opponents are dismissed as mere cockroaches, lice, apes, monkeys, rats, weasels or bloodsucking parasites who have no right to speak or to live at all, and probably should be squashed like bugs"; opposite of: Polyanna principle, projection bias, singing kumbay, they're just like us; see also: identity fallacy, name calling, olfactory rhetoric. | [3], [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 151_cb |
defensiveness | choice-support bias, choice-supportive bias, defensiveness, myside bias | A fallacy and bias in which "after one has taken a given decision, commitment or course of action, one automatically tends to defend that decision and to irrationally dismiss opposing options even when one's decision later on proves to be shaky or wrong". A "fallacy of ethos (one's own)". See also argument from inertia, confirmation bias. | [3], [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-05 | 074_lf |
defensive attribution hypothesis | A tendency to "attribute more blame to a harm-doer as the outcome becomes more severe or as personal or situational similarity to the victim increases". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 155_cb | |
default effect | A tendency "to favor the default option when given a choice between several options". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 154_cb | |
default bias | acquiescence, better the devil you know than the devil you don't, deal with it, default bias, get used to it, if it ain't broke don't fix it, it is what it is, let it be let it be, making one's peace with the situation, normalization of evil, this is the best of all possible worlds, whatever is is right | The fallacy that just because something is the current state that is therefore the preferred state. Opposite of: nihilism. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 073_lf |
decoy effect | A phenomenon in which "preferences for either option A or B change in favor of option B when option C is presented, which is completely dominated by option B (inferior in all respects) and partially dominated by option A". An example of: framing effect. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 153_cb | |
declinism | A "predisposition to view the past favorably...and future negatively". See also: rosy retrospection. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 152_cb | |
deal with it | acquiescence, better the devil you know than the devil you don't, deal with it, default bias, get used to it, if it ain't broke don't fix it, it is what it is, let it be let it be, making one's peace with the situation, normalization of evil, this is the best of all possible worlds, whatever is is right | The fallacy that just because something is the current state that is therefore the preferred state. Opposite of: nihilism. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 733_lf |
dacoits fallacy | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 427_lf | |||
dacoit's fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 732_lf | ||
cynicism | apathetic fallacy, burnout, compassion fatigue | See also: pessimism bias. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-15 | 731_lf |
cursing | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 426_lf | |||
curse of knowledge | A tendency in whcih "better-informed people find it extremely difficult to think about problems from the perspective of lesser-informed people". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 149_cb | |
current moment bias | current moment bias, hyperbolic discounting, present bias | A tendency "for people to have a stronger preference for more immediate payoffs relative to later payoffs". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 150_cb |
cum hoc ergo propter hoc | cum hoc ergo propter hoc, correlation implies causation | A fallacy of concluding that one thing causes another just because of their occurring together (at the same time or one after the other) or "solely on the basis of an observed association or correlation between them". An example of: causal fallacy, false cause, non causa pro causa, non-cause for cause. See also: post hoc argument, post hoc propter hoc, post hoc ergo propter hoc, too much of a coincidence, clustering illusion. | [1], [2], [3], [16], [17], [18] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 425_lf |
cultural appropriation | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 516_lf | ||
cryptomnesia | The tendency in which "a memory is mistaken for novel thought or imagination, because there is no subjective experience of it being a memory". An example of: misattribution of memory. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 148_cb | |
crowdsourcing | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 730_lf | ||
cross-race effect | The tendency "for people of one race to have difficulty identifying members of a race other than their own". An example of: memory bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 147_cb | |
crocodile's tears | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 729_lf | ||
courtesy bias | The tendency to "give an opinion that is more socially correct than one's true opinion, so as to avoid offending anyone". An example of: conformity. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 146_cb | |
counterknowledge | alt facts, alternate facts, alternative truth, counterknowledge, disinformation, information pollution | A fallacy holding that objective facts and truth cannot really exist, are not durable, or are really subjective. A "fallacy of logos rooted in postmodernism". Related to: big lie technique. See also: gaslighting, blind loyalty, big brain little brain fallacy, two truths. | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 424_lf | |
cost bias | A fallacy in which an expensive thing is regarded more highly than a free or inexpensive thing, "regardless of the item's real quality, utility, or true value to the purchaser". "A fallacy of ethos (that of a product)." | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-05 | 072_lf | |
correlation implies causation | cum hoc ergo propter hoc, correlation implies causation | A fallacy of concluding that one thing causes another just because of their occurring together (at the same time or one after the other) or "solely on the basis of an observed association or correlation between them". An example of: causal fallacy, false cause, non causa pro causa, non-cause for cause. See also: post hoc argument, post hoc propter hoc, post hoc ergo propter hoc, too much of a coincidence, clustering illusion. | [1], [2], [3], [16], [17], [18] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 035_lf |
corporate tax dodge callacy | A mistaken belief that "corporations don't pay any tax". A fallacy surrounding: capitalism. | [27] | 2024-07-15 | 2024-07-15 | 923_lf | |
converse accident | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 423_lf | |||
control voice | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 728_lf | ||
contrast effect | The "enhancement or reduction of a certain stimulus's perception when compared with a recently observed, contrasting object". An example of: framing effect. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 145_cb | |
contradictory premises | Closely related to Special Pleading. A component fallacy. | [1] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 021_lf | |
continued influence effect | A tendency for misinformation to "influence memory and reasoning about an event, despite the misinformation having been corrected". See also: misinformation effect. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 144_cb | |
context neglect bias | A tendency to "neglect the human context of technological challenges". A framing effect bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 143_cb | |
context effect | The tendency for "out-of-context memories" to be "mopre difficult to retrieve than in-context memories". A memory bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 142_cb | |
conspiracy theories | brave heretic, conspiracy theories, iconoclastic fallacy, romantic rebel, truthout fallacy, truthdig fallacy | A fallacy of holding a claim as true just because that position "is supposedly standing up heroically to the dominant orthodoxy, the current standard model, conventional wisdom or political correctness, or whatever may be the bandwagon of the moment". A corrupt argument from ethos. The opposite of: bandwagon fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 727_lf |
conservative bias | appeal to tradition, argumentum ad traditionem, argumentum ad antiquitatem, back in those good times, conservative bias, good old days | A fallacy of holding a position as correct or a thing (scenario or deed) as good because it has always been that way or was that way long ago (and might still "serve one particular group very well"). A fallacy of relevance. A "corrupted argument from ethos" (from the past). Often related in time to the audience's young years, but not prior. Opposite of: appeal to novelty, bad old days, early adopter's fallacy, pro-innovation bias, recency bias. | [1], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-26 | 422_lf |
conservatism bias | conservatism bias, regressive bias | As an anchoring cognitive bias, the tendency "to insufficiently revise one's belief when presented with new evidence". As a memory cognitive bias, the tendency "to remember high values and high likelihoods/probabilities/frequencies as lower than they actually were and low ones as higher than they actually were" ("memories are not extreme enough") [in this sense also known as regressive bias]. See also, as a logical fallacy: conservative bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 141_cb |
conjunction fallacy | A tendency to "assume that specific conditions are more probable than a more general version of those same conditions". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-06 | 140_cb | |
congruence bias | A tendency "to test hypotheses exclusively through direct testing, instead of testing possible alternative hypotheses". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-06 | 139_cb | |
conformity | A tendency to fit in regardless of logic. Forms of conformity bias include: availabilty cascade, bandwagon effect, courtesy bias, groupthink, groupshift, social desirabiltyy bias, truth bias/ | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-06 | 138_cb | |
confirmation bias | The cognitive bias and logical fallacy of a tendency to "search for, interpret, focus on and remember information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions". Includes: backfire effect, congruence effect, experimenter's bias, expectation bias, observer-expectancy effect, selective perception, Semmelweis reflex. See also: defensiveness, half truth. | [3], [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-05 | 071_cb_lf | |
con artist's fallacy | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-12 | 421_lf | |||
con artist's fallacy | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 726_lf | ||
composition | A fallacy of ambiguity. The opposite of divison. | [1] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 025_lf | |
complexity | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 515_lf | ||
complex question | loaded question | Often overlaps with Begging the Question. A fallacy of omission. | [1] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 032_lf |
complex question | A counterpart of Either Or Reasoning. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 070_lf | |
compassion fatigue | apathetic fallacy, burnout, cynicism | The fallacy in which legitimate arguments are ignored due claimed lack of caring. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-15 | 725_lf |
compassion fade | A tendency to "behave more compassionately towards a small number of identifiable victims than to a large number of anonymous ones". A bias of extension neglect. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-05 | 136_cb | |
compartmentalization | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 724_lf | ||
compadrismo | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 420_lf | |||
common source bias | A tendency "to combine or compare research studies from the same source, or from sources that use the same methodologies or data". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-05 | 135_cb | |
coincidental correlation | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 419_lf | |||
cognitive dissonance | Theoretically, bias reults when "people continually reduce their" "mental disturbance...when...beliefs and actions are inconsistent and contradictory..." "in order to align their cognitions (perceptions of the world) with their actions". The concept is said to be comprised of 1) the bias of feeling one does not have baises, 2) the bias in which one feels better, smarter, or more moral than average, and 3) confirmation bias. | [6], [17] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-05 | 134_cb | |
clustering illusion | post hoc argument, post hoc propter hoc, post hoc ergo propter hoc, too much of a coincidence, clustering illusion | A "classic paranoiac fallacy of attributing an imaginary causality to random coincidences, concluding that just because something happens close to, at the same time as, or just after something else, the first thing is caused by the second". See also: cum hoc ergo propter hoc, correlation implies causation | [3], [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-05 | 133_cb_lf |
closed-mindedness | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 418_lf | |||
circulus in probando | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 417_lf | |||
circular reasoning | begging the question, catch 22, circular reasoning, circulus in probando, petitio principii, vicious circle | A fallacy in which the same proposition appears as a premise and as a conclusion (sometimes worded in two statements appearing differently enough to make this not very obvious); for example, "A, therefore B." and also "B, therefore A". Sometimes, begging the question and circular reasoning are used interchangeably and sometimes with a difference--begging the question or petitio principii more specifically assumes as evidence the conclusion they are trying to prove.) A fallacy of logos. A component fallacy. See also: complex question, big lie technique. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 011_lf |
chronological snobbery | A tendency to consider something (like an idea or argument) from an earlier time as less valid than newer concept on the (not necessarliy true) basis that people in the past were less intelligent. A from of appeal to novelty. | [6], [18] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-05 | 132_cb_lf | |
chosen emotion fallacy | A fallacy in which "one falsely claims complete, or at least reliable prior voluntary control over one's own autonomic, gut level affective reactions". Related to but distinct from: angelism. Opposite to: affective fallacy, appeal to emotion, appeal to pity, argument from pity, argumentum ad misericordiam, emotion over reflection, follow your heart, playing to emotions, romantic fallacy. See also: mortification. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-05 | 044_lf | |
choice-supportive bias | choice-support bias, choice-supportive bias, defensiveness, myside bias | A fallacy in which "after one has taken a given decision, commitment or course of action, one automatically tends to defend that decision and to irrationally dismiss opposing options even when one's decision later on proves to be shaky or wrong". A "fallacy of ethos (one's own)". See also argument from inertia, confirmation bias. | [3], [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-05 | 131_cb |
choice-support bias | choice-support bias, choice-supportive bias, defensiveness, myside bias | A fallacy and bias in which "after one has taken a given decision, commitment or course of action, one automatically tends to defend that decision and to irrationally dismiss opposing options even when one's decision later on proves to be shaky or wrong". A "fallacy of ethos (one's own)". See also argument from inertia, confirmation bias. | [3], [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-05 | 416_cb_lf |
childhood amnesia | The tendency to retain few memories from before the age of four. A memory bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-05 | 130_cb | |
cheerleader effect | A tendency " for people to appear more attractive in a group than in isolation". A social bias. A form of association fallacy. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-05 | 129_cb | |
changing the rules | all's fair in love and war, moving the goalposts, nuclear option, winning isn't everything it's the only thing | Starting with certain requirements for a decision, then, when, the criteria are met, requiring a higher bar. "A fallacy of logos". | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-14 | 513_lf |
catch 22 | begging the question, catch 22, circular reasoning, circulus in probando, petitio principii, vicious circle | A fallacy in which the same proposition appears as a premise and as a conclusion (sometimes worded in two statements appearing differently enough to make this not very obvious); for example, "A, therefore B." and also "B, therefore A". Sometimes, begging the question and circular reasoning are used interchangeably and sometimes with a difference--begging the question or petitio principii more specifically assumes as evidence the conclusion they are trying to prove.) A fallacy of logos. A component fallacy. See also: complex question, big lie technique. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 415_lf |
card stacking | card stacking, half truth, incomplete information, stacking the deck | A fallacy of ignoring examples or evidence that disprove one's point and instead only listing examples or sharing evidence which would support one's point. A fallacy of omission. A "corrupt argument from logos". Different from: straw man. See also: confirmation bias, hasty generalization. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 414_lf |
campaign promises | campaign promises, demagogy | A fallacy of "deliberately lying to the people to gain their support or motivate" some action desired by the promoter of the lie. Related: self deception, whistling by the graveyard. See also: argument to the people, argumentum ad populum, dog-whistle politics, othering. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 512_lf |
camel's nose fallacy | camel's nose fallacy, domino theory, slippery slope | A fallacy holding that "one thing inevitably leads to another" when this is not necessarily the case. A non sequitur. | [1], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 413_lf |
calling "cards" | A fallacy of "arbitrarily and falsely dismissing familiar or easily-anticipated but valid, reasoned objections to one's standpoint with a wave of the hand", as though such objections were mere "cards" in some sort of "game" of rhetoric. A fallacy of logos. See also: taboo, political correctness. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 511_lf | |
by any means necessary | accomplish the mission, find a way, I don't care how you do it, just do it | An argumentum ad baculum (argument from force) that implies arriving at an outcome by aside morality. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-13 | 723_lf |
burnout | apathetic fallacy, compassion fatigue, cynicism | The fallacy in which legitimate arguments are ignored due claimed lack of caring. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-15 | 722_lf |
bureaucratic passive | bureaucratic passive, passive voice fallacy | An obverse is: be-verb fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 721_lf |
bullying | appeal to force, argument from force, argument from strength, argument from the club (stick), argumentum ad baculum, bullying, fascism, hard power, might-makes-right, muscular leadership, non-negotiable demands, power-play, resolution by force of arms, shock and awe | A fallacy in which a conclusion is reached due to force, threat of force, or threat of unpleasantness. A fallacy of relevance, since reason for conclusion is not relevant to the argument at hand. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 720_lf |
broken windows policing | broken windows policing, disproportionate response, even one is too many, judenrein, exemplary punishment, zero risk bias | A fallacy of "declaring an 'emergency' and promising to disregard justice and due process and devote unlimited resources (and occasionally, unlimited cruelty) to stamp out a limited, insignificant or even nonexistent problem". A "corrupt and cynical argument from pathos". "Almost always politically driven." A "sinister" form of dog whistle politics. An example of: we have to do something (placebo effect, political theater, security theater, we have to send a message). | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 719_lf |
bribery | bribery, financial incentive, material incentive, material persuasion | A fallacy of obtaining a position through "gifts or favors". Often does not stick unless bribes continue. The reverse of: argumentum ad baculum, appeal to force, argument from the club (stick), argument from force, might-makes-right. See also: appeasement, assertiveness, I know my rights, squeaky wheel gets the grease. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-26 | 510_lf |
brave heretic | brave heretic, conspiracy theories, iconoclastic fallacy, romantic rebel, truthout fallacy, truthdig fallacy | A fallacy of holding a claim as true just because that position "is supposedly standing up heroically to the dominant orthodoxy, the current standard model, conventional wisdom or political correctness, or whatever may be the bandwagon of the moment". A corrupt argument from ethos. The opposite of: bandwagon fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 718_lf |
brainwashing | propaganda, radicalization | See also Stockholm Syndrome, Love Bombing, Bribery. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 068_lf |
boundary extension | A tendency to remember an image's background as "larger or more expansive" compared with the foreground. A memory bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 128_cb | |
bold faced lie | big lie technique, bold faced lie, staying on message | A fallacy of "repeating a lie, fallacy, slogan, talking-point, nonsense-statement or deceptive half-truth over and over in different forms (particularly in the media) until it becomes part of daily discourse and people accept it without further proof or evidence". Notably, "the bolder and more outlandish the big lie becomes the more credible it seems". See also: alphabet soup, alternative truth; bandwagon fallacy, propaganda, straw man. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 412_lf |
bogeyman fallacy | appeal to fear, bogeyman fallacy, paranoia, scare tactics, shockdoc, shock doctrine, rally 'round the flag, rally 'round the president | A fallacy in which one takes "advantage of a emergent or deliberately-created crisis and its associated public shock, panic and chaos in order to impose an argument, action or solution that would be clearly unacceptable if carefully considered". A "corrupted argument from pathos". A form of playing on emotions. See also: shopping hungry fallacy, dog-whistle politics, we have to do something, worst-case fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 716_lf |
blood of the martyrs fallacy | blood of the martyrs fallacy, waving the bloody shirt | A fallacy holding that "a cause or argument, no matter how questionable or reprehensible, cannot be questioned without dishonoring the blood and sacrifice of those who died so nobly for that cause". An extreme example of: E for effort, I'm trying by best, lost cause. See also: appeal to pity, argument from inertia, cost bias, heroes all, sob story, soldiers' honor fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 509_lf |
blood is thicker than water | favoritism, compadrismo, for my friends anything | Reverse of Ad Hominem. See Identity Fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 067_lf |
blind obedience | blind loyalty, blind obedience, Nuremberg defense, team player appeal, unthinking obedience | A fallacy which holds that "an argument or action is right simply and solely because a respected leader or source (a President, expert, one's parents, one's own side, team or country, one's boss or commanding officers) says it is right". A corrupted argument from ethos. See also: big brain little brain fallacy, soldiers' honor fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 411_lf |
blind loyalty | blind loyalty, blind obedience, Nuremberg defense, team player appeal, unthinking obedience | A fallacy which holds that "an argument or action is right simply and solely because a respected leader or source (a President, expert, one's parents, one's own side, team or country, one's boss or commanding officers) says it is right". A corrupted argument from ethos. See also: big brain little brain fallacy, soldiers' honor fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 066_lf |
bleeding heart | bleeding heart, drama queen or drama king fallacy, pathetic fallacy, playing on emotion, sob story | A fallacy in which, ignoring facts, emotion is evoked alone. A fallacy "of pure argument from pathos". The opposite is: apathetic fallacy, burnout, compassion fatigue, cynicism. An obverse is: refinement, real feelings. See also: othering. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 714_lf |
blaming the victim | A fallacy in which one "casts the blame for one's own evil or questionable actions on those affected". A form of: scapegoating, blamecasting. See also: affective fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 508_lf | |
blamecasting | blamecasting, scapegoating | A fallacy in which there is always someone else to blame than oneself when anything goes wrong. For scapegoating, the blamed entity is typically "other" or marginalized in some way already. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 713_lf |
black/white fallacy | all or nothing thinking, bifurcation, black and white fallacy, either or fallacy, either/or reasoning, excluded middle, false binary, false dichotomy, false dilemma | A conclusion is reached based on there only being two possible options, when really the possibilities are not so limited. A component fallacy. | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-14 | 410_lf | |
black and white fallacy | all or nothing thinking, bifurcation, black/white fallacy, either or fallacy, either/or reasoning, excluded middle, false binary, false dichotomy, false dilemma | A conclusion is reached based on there only being two possible options, when really the possibilities are not so limited. A component fallacy. | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-14 | 409_lf | |
bizarreness effect | A bias in which "bizarre material is better remembered than common material". A form of memory bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 127_cb | |
biologizing | appeal to nature, biologizing, green fallacy | A fallacy that just because something is natural, therefore "it has to be good, healthy, and beneficial". A "contemporary romantic fallacy of ethos". See also: argument from natural law. | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-23 | 408_lf | |
big lie technique | big lie technique, bold faced lie, staying on message | A fallacy of "repeating a lie, fallacy, slogan, talking-point, nonsense-statement or deceptive half-truth over and over in different forms (particularly in the media) until it becomes part of daily discourse and people accept it without further proof or evidence". Notably, "the bolder and more outlandish the big lie becomes the more credible it seems". See also: alphabet soup, alternative truth; bandwagon fallacy, propaganda, straw man. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 065_lf |
big but fallacy | big but fallacy, special pleading | A fallacy of stating "a generally-accepted principle and then directly negating it with a 'but'. Often detailed as a special case "supposedly exempt from the usual rules of law, logic, morality, ethics or even credibility". Closely related to: contradictory premises. A component fallacy. | [1], [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 506_lf |
big brain little brain | big brain little brain, führerprinzip, mad leader disease | A fallacy in which a person in a leadership or authority position (a work boss, military commander, or some sort of religious, cult, or group leader) tells people to think not with their little brains (the brain in their head) but instead with their big brain (the leader's brain). An "extreme example of the blind loyalty fallacy". Sometimes expressed positively in that the leader takes (moral) responsibilty for decisions. The opposite is: plausible deniability. See also: just do it, gaslighting. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 063_lf |
bifurcation | all or nothing thinking, black and white fallacy, black/white fallacy, either or fallacy, either/or reasoning, excluded middle, false binary, false dichotomy, false dilemma | A conclusion is reached based on there only being two possible options, when really the possibilities are not so limited. A component fallacy. | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-14 | 407_lf | |
bias blind spot | A "tendency to see oneself as less biased than other people, or to be able to identify more cognitive biases in others than in oneself." A form of egocentric bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 126_cb | |
better-than-average effect | better-than-average effect, illusory superiority, Lake Wobegon effect, superiority bias | A "tendency to overestimate one's desirable qualities, and underestimate undesirable qualities, relative to other people". A form of egocentric bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 125_cb |
better to prevent than to lament | an abundance of caution, better safe than sorry, just in case | A fallacy of pessimism with reasoning based on a far-fetched, unlikely, or even entirely imaginary worst-case scenario isntead of being based on reality. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-14 | 711_lf |
better the devil you know than the devil you don't | acquiescence, better the devil you know than the devil you don't, deal with it, default bias, get used to it, if it ain't broke don't fix it, it is what it is, let it be let it be, making one's peace with the situation, normalization of evil, this is the best of all possible worlds, whatever is is right | The fallacy that just because something is the current state that is therefore the preferred state. Opposite of: nihilism. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 710_lf |
better safe than sorry | an abundance of caution, better to prevent than to lament, just in case | A fallacy of pessimism with reasoning based on a far-fetched, unlikely, or even entirely imaginary worst-case scenario isntead of being based on reality. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-14 | 709_lf |
Berkson's paradox | A "tendency to misinterpret statistical experiments involving conditional probabilities". Categorized as a cognitive bias and a logical fallacy. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 124_cb_lf | |
Ben Franklin effect | An bias in which "a person who has performed a favor for someone is more likely to do another favor for that person than they would be if they had received a favor from that person". Bias category: cognitive dissonance. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-11 | 123_cb | |
belief bias | An "effect where someone's evaluation of the logical strength of an argument is biased by the believability of the conclusion". Categorized as a truth judgement bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 122_cb | |
begging the question | begging the question, catch 22, circular reasoning, circulus in probando, petitio principii, vicious circle | A fallacy in which the same proposition appears as a premise and as a conclusion (sometimes worded in two statements appearing differently enough to make this not very obvious); for example, "A, therefore B." and also "B, therefore A". Sometimes, begging the question and circular reasoning are used interchangeably and sometimes with a difference--begging the question or petitio principii more specifically assumes as evidence the conclusion they are trying to prove.) A fallacy of logos. A component fallacy. See also: complex question, big lie technique. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 010_lf |
be-verb fallacy | A fallacy holding that "an extraordinary degree of clarity, sanity, or textual liveliness can be reached by...eliminating all passive verb forms and all forms of the verb 'to be' from English-language writing." A "cultish linguistic theory". An obverse of: passive voice fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 505_lf | |
be grateful for what you've got | be grateful for what you've got, worst negates the bad | A fallacy in which it is claimed that "an objectively bad situation somehow isn't so bad simply because it could have been far worse, or because someone, somewhere has it even worse". | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 707_lf |
base rate neglect | base rate fallacy, base rate neglect | A "tendency to ignore general information and focus on information only pertaining to the specific case, even when the general information is more important". A form of extension neglect. | [6] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 686_cb |
base rate fallacy | base rate fallacy, base rate neglect | A tendency "to ignore general information and focus on information only pertaining to the specific case, even when the general information is more important". A form of extension neglect. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 121_cb |
Barnum effect | Barnum effect, Forer effect | A tendency "for individuals to give high accuracy ratings to descriptions of their personality that supposedly are tailored specifically for them, but are in fact vague and general enough to apply to a wide range of people". A form of egocentric bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 120_cb |
bandwagon fallacy | argument from common sense, argument to the people, argumentum ad populum, appeal to popular opinion, bandwagon, bandwagon fallacy | A fallacy claiming that something is true because it is believed by most people (or by "everyone," "the people," "the majority" or "someone in power who has widespread backing"). A fallacy of relevance. Sub-approaches can include bandwagon ("everyone's doing it"); patriotic ("it is patriotic"); snob "the best people are doing it"; and covering oneself with the cross ("it's Christian"). Can include: lying with statistics. A modern form is: information cascade. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 406_lf |
bandwagon effect | A cognitive bias in which people tend "do (or believe) things because many other people do (or believe) the same". See also: groupthink and herd behavior as concepts in social psychology. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 119_cb | |
bandwagon | argument from common sense, argument to the people, argumentum ad populum, appeal to popular opinion, bandwagon, bandwagon fallacy | A fallacy claiming that something is true because it is believed by most people (or by "everyone," "the people," "the majority" or "someone in power who has widespread backing"). A fallacy of relevance. Sub-approaches can include bandwagon ("everyone's doing it"); patriotic ("it is patriotic"); snob "the best people are doing it"; and covering oneself with the cross ("it's Christian"). Can include: lying with statistics. A modern form is: information cascade. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 706_lf |
bad-boy talk | alpha-male talk, locker-room talk | A form of "frank, unguarded or uninhibited offensive expression". A fallacy that holds that some words are excempt from criticism because they are simply the true expression of some perspective having merit due to their representing the uncensored expression of true feelings. See also: venting. See also: affective fallacy. Opposite to this are political correctness and scripted message. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-14 | 504_lf |
bad old days | appeal to novelty, bad old days, early adopter's fallacy, pro-innovation bias, recency bias | A fallacy that a view or other thing must be correct or better because it is new or recent. | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-21 | 405_lf | |
backfire effect | A cognitive bias in which one strengthens a prior (e.g., current) belief when coming across evidence to the contrary. (The "disconfirming evidence" has the opposite of its logical effect on the belief-holder.) A form of confirmation bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 118_cb | |
back in those good times | appeal to tradition, argumentum ad traditionem, argumentum ad antiquitatem, back in those good times, conservative bias, good old days | A fallacy of holding a position as correct or a thing (scenario or deed) as good because it has always been that way or was that way long ago (and might still "serve one particular group very well"). A fallacy of relevance. A "corrupted argument from ethos" (from the past). Often related in time to the audience's young years, but not prior. Opposite of: appeal to novelty, bad old days, early adopter's fallacy, pro-innovation bias, recency bias. | [1], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-26 | 404_lf |
Baader–Meinhof phenomenon | Baader–Meinhof phenomenon, frequency illusion | A cognitive bias in which "once something has been noticed, then every instance of that thing is noticed, leading to the belief it has a high frequency of occurrence". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 117_cb |
availability heuristic | availability bias, availability heuristic | A cognitive bias in which one has a greater chance of "recalling recent, nearby, or otherwise immediately available examples", and the assigning of "importance to those examples" over others. Also, "the natural tendency to give undue attention and importance to information that is immediately available at hand, particularly the first or last information received". A fallacy of logos. A memory bias. Related: hyperbole, magnification, catastrophizing. See also: anchoring bias, attention bias, attentional bias, focalism. | [3], [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 116_cb |
availability cascade | A cognitive bias consisting of "a self-reinforcing process in which a collective belief gains more and more plausibility through its increasing repetition in public discourse". A conformity bias. A social bias. See also: availability heuristic. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 115_cb | |
availability bias | availability bias, availability heuristic | Related: hyperbole, magnification, catastrophizing. See also: anchoring bias, attention bias, attentional bias, availability bias, focalism. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 062_lf |
availability bias | availability bias, availability heuristic | A cognitive bias in which one has a greater chance of "recalling recent, nearby, or otherwise immediately available examples", and the assigning of "importance to those examples" over others. Also, "the natural tendency to give undue attention and importance to information that is immediately available at hand, particularly the first or last information received". A fallacy of logos. A memory bias. Related: hyperbole, magnification, catastrophizing. See also: anchoring bias, attention bias, attentional bias, focalism. | [3], [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 114_cb |
automation bias | A bias in which ones depends too much on automated systems that "can lead to erroneous automated information overriding correct decisions". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 113_cb | |
autist's fallacy | autist's fallacy, mind blindness | A fallacy in which normal human capacity for "theory of mind" is entirely denied in which it is held that no one can truly understand or know "another's thoughts, emotions, motivations or intents". The opposite of: mind-reading. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 503_lf |
authority bias | A tendency to "attribute greater accuracy to the opinion of an authority figure (unrelated to its content) and be more influenced by that opinion". A social bias. A form of association fallacy. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 112_cb | |
attribution error | attribution error, fundamental attribution error, self justification | A tendency to assume that others' (poor) behavior results from character defects (personality) while under-emphasizing the influence of the situation on others' behavior, while, at the same time, one's own behavior is held to be due to environmental factors (situtation). A "corrupt argument from ethos". Obverse is: self debasement, self deprecation. See also: group attribution error, ultimate attribution error. | [3], [6] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-10 | 705_lf |
attribute substitution | A cognitive bias in which "a judgment has to be made (of a target attribute) that is computationally complex, and instead a more easily calculated heuristic attribute is substituted" in which the substitution is thought to take place automatically instead of with self-awarene reflection. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 111_cb | |
attentional bias | attention bias | A tendency for perception to be influenced by thought repetition. See also: anchoring bias, availability bias, availability heuristic, focalism. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 403_lf |
attention bias | attentional bias | A tendency for perception to be influenced by thought repetition. See also: anchoring bias, availability bias, availability heuristic, focalism. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 110_cb |
attacking the person | ad hominem argument, argumentum ad hominem, argument toward the man, personal attack, poisoning the well | Arguing against the opposing party instead of the reasoning given by the opposing party. This might question the intelligence, credentials, or character of the opposition. A "corrupted negative argument from ethos". Subcategories include abusive and circumstantial types. A fallacy of relevance. The opposite of star power. An obverse is token endorsement. See also: guilt by association. | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-13 | 402_lf | |
attacking the evidence | See also: appeal to a lack of evidence, appeal to ignorance, argumentum ad ignorantiam, and argument from ignorance. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 054_lf | |
assumed similarity bias | A cognitive bias in which one "assumes that others have more traits in common with them than those others actually do". A social bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 109_cb | |
association fallacy | A cognitive bias and formal logical fallacy in which it is asserted that "properties of one thing must also be properties of another thing, if both things belong to the same group". A social bias. Includes: authority bias, cheerleader effect, halo effect. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 108_cb_lf | |
assertiveness | appeasement, assertiveness, I know my rights, squeaky wheel gets the grease | A fallacy of obtaining a result not through argument but through the audience's willingness to give in so that the opposition will simply be satisfied, quieter, or no longer a nuisance. Common in public agencies, education, and retail. Sometimes promoted as a practical, nonviolent way for groups to promote change. See also: bribery. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-26 | 401_lf |
argumentum ex silentio | argument from silence | A fallacy in which it is claimed that, just because the currently available knowledge or evidence cannot prove anything about a claim, therefore this in itself proves that status of the claim as true or false (whereas, really, additional evidence or facts could be sought). | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 061_lf |
argumentum ad verecundium | argument from modesty, appeal to authority, appeal to improper authority, argumentum ad verecundium, argument from that which is improper | A fallacy of not "evaluating the...argument on its own merits" and instead simply accepting the conclusion of an individual who may be an expert in a field but whose expertise is unrelated to the argument. A specific form of appeal to improper authority. A subcategory is appeal to biased authority. A fallacy of relevance. | [1], [2] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-21 | 400_lf |
argumentum ad traditionem | appeal to tradition, argumentum ad traditionem, argumentum ad antiquitatem, back in those good times, conservative bias, good old days | A fallacy of holding a position as correct or a thing (scenario or deed) as good because it has always been that way or was that way long ago (and might still "serve one particular group very well"). A fallacy of relevance. A "corrupted argument from ethos" (from the past). Often related in time to the audience's young years, but not prior. Opposite of: appeal to novelty, bad old days, early adopter's fallacy, pro-innovation bias, recency bias. | [1], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-26 | 399_lf |
argumentum ad populum | argument from common sense, argument to the people, argumentum ad populum, appeal to popular opinion, bandwagon, bandwagon fallacy | A fallacy claiming that something is true because it is believed by most people (or by "everyone," "the people," "the majority" or "someone in power who has widespread backing"). A fallacy of relevance. Sub-approaches can include bandwagon ("everyone's doing it"); patriotic ("it is patriotic"); snob "the best people are doing it"; and covering oneself with the cross ("it's Christian"). Can include: lying with statistics. A modern form is: information cascade. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 003_lf |
argumentum ad personam | Often, synonymous with argumentum ad hominem (arguing against a person holding a claim instead of arguing against the claim itself).Sometimes, "appealing to the personal interests of someone in order persuade someone to accept an argumentative claim" ("rather than directing an argument towards the issue at hand").See also: ad hominem argument, argumentum ad hominem, argument toward the man, attacking the person, poisoning the well. | [8], [9], [11], [15] | 2024-06-14 | 2024-07-02 | 914_lf | |
argumentum ad odium | See also: argumentum ad personam, ad hominem. | [15] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 382_lf | |
argumentum ad mysteriam | argument from mystery, argumentum ad mysteriam, mystagogy | A fallacy in which some "facts, evidence, practices or arguments" gain weight due to a "quasi-hypnotic effect" that "can often persuade more strongly than any logical argument" derived from special sounds, postures, clothing, rituals, recitations, chants, ancient languages, or other effects introducing a sense of the unknown. Example: long ago and far away. See also: esoteric knowledge. An obverse: standard version fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 060_lf |
argumentum ad misericordiam | affective fallacy, appeal to emotion, appeal to pity, argument from pity, argumentum ad misericordiam, emotion over reflection, follow your heart, playing to emotions, romantic | "An emotional appeal to what should be a logical issue". "Opposite to this is...chosen emotion fallacy. Often, "a fallacy of encouragement to root of the underdog regardless of the issues at hand". "A corrupt argument from pathos." A fallacy of relevance. Closely related to angelism. "Opposite to this is...chosen emotion fallacy." Opposite of: appeal to rigor. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-24 | 398_lf |
argumentum ad ignorantiam | appeal to a lack of evidence, appeal to ignorance, argument from ignorance, argumentum ad ignorantiam | A fallacy using lack of knowledge to arrive at a conclusion. One might might say that because a claim cannot be disproven, therefore the opposite must be true. Or, since we do not know (or cannot know, or cannot prove) something, then it must be true (or false). A fallacy of omission. Includes attacking the evidence, whataboutism, and missing link. See also: a priori argument, appealing to closure, deliberate ignorance, simpleton's fallacy, argumentum ex silentio. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 397_lf |
argumentum ad hominem | ad hominem argument, argument toward the man, attacking the person, personal attack, poisoning the well | Arguing against the opposing party instead of the reasoning given by the opposing party. This might question the intelligence, credentials, or character of the opposition. A "corrupted negative argument from ethos". Subcategories include abusive and circumstantial types. A fallacy of relevance. The opposite of star power. An obverse is token endorsement. See also: guilt by association. | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-13 | 396_lf | |
argumentum ad coelum | American exceptionalism, appeal to heaven, Deus vult, Gott mit uns, manifest destiny, special covenant | A fallacy based on claiming to know God's mind and wishes, which cannot really be challenged. A "deluded argument from ethos". Opposite of Job's comforter fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-14 | 395_lf |
argumentum ad baculum | appeal to force, argument from force, argument from strength, argument from the club (stick), argumentum ad baculum, bullying, fascism, hard power, might-makes-right, muscular leadership, non-negotiable demands, power-play, resolution by force of arms, shock and awe | A fallacy in which a conclusion is reached due to force, threat of force, or threat of unpleasantness. A fallacy of relevance, since reason for conclusion is not relevant to the argument at hand. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 059_lf |
argumentum ad antiquitatem | appeal to tradition, argumentum ad traditionem, argumentum ad antiquitatem, back in those good times, conservative bias, good old days | A fallacy of holding a position as correct or a thing (scenario or deed) as good because it has always been that way or was that way long ago (and might still "serve one particular group very well"). A fallacy of relevance. A "corrupted argument from ethos" (from the past). Often related in time to the audience's young years, but not prior. Opposite of: appeal to novelty, bad old days, early adopter's fallacy, pro-innovation bias, recency bias. | [1], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-26 | 394_lf |
argument toward the man | ad hominem argument, argumentum ad hominem, attacking the person, personal attack, poisoning the well | Arguing against the opposing party instead of the reasoning given by the opposing party. This might question the intelligence, credentials, or character of the opposition. A "corrupted negative argument from ethos". Subcategories include abusive and circumstantial types. A fallacy of relevance. The opposite of star power. An obverse is token endorsement. See also: guilt by association. | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-13 | 393_lf | |
argument to the people | argument from common sense, argument to the people, argumentum ad populum, appeal to popular opinion, bandwagon, bandwagon fallacy | A fallacy claiming that something is true because it is believed by most people (or by "everyone," "the people," "the majority" or "someone in power who has widespread backing"). A fallacy of relevance. Sub-approaches can include bandwagon ("everyone's doing it"); patriotic ("it is patriotic"); snob "the best people are doing it"; and covering oneself with the cross ("it's Christian"). Can include: lying with statistics. A modern form is: information cascade. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 392_lf |
argument from the negative | argumentum ad ignorantiam | Often interchangeable with Argumentum Ad ignorantiam. A fallacy of omission. | [1] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 030_lf |
argument from the club (stick) | appeal to force, argument from force, argument from strength, argument from the club (stick), argumentum ad baculum, bullying, fascism, hard power, might-makes-right, muscular leadership, non-negotiable demands, power-play, resolution by force of arms, shock and awe | A fallacy in which a conclusion is reached due to force, threat of force, or threat of unpleasantness. A fallacy of relevance, since reason for conclusion is not relevant to the argument at hand. | [1], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 391_lf |
argument from that which is improper | argument from modesty, appeal to authority, appeal to improper authority, argumentum ad verecundium, argument from that which is improper | A fallacy of not "evaluating the...argument on its own merits" and instead simply accepting the conclusion of an individual who may be an expert in a field but whose expertise is unrelated to the argument. A specific form of appeal to improper authority. A subcategory is appeal to biased authority. A fallacy of relevance. | [1], [2] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 390_lf |
argument from strength | appeal to force, argument from force, argument from strength, argument from the club (stick), argumentum ad baculum, bullying, fascism, hard power, might-makes-right, muscular leadership, non-negotiable demands, power-play, resolution by force of arms, shock and awe | A fallacy in which a conclusion is reached due to force, threat of force, or threat of unpleasantness. A fallacy of relevance, since reason for conclusion is not relevant to the argument at hand. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 702_lf |
argument from silence | argument from silence, argumentum ex silentio | A fallacy in which it is claimed that, just because the currently available knowledge or evidence cannot prove anything about a claim, therefore this in itself proves that status of the claim as true or false (whereas, really, additional evidence or facts could be sought). | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 389_lf |
argument from pity | affective fallacy, appeal to emotion, appeal to pity, argument from pity, argumentum ad misericordiam, emotion over reflection, follow your heart, playing to emotions, romantic fallacy | "An emotional appeal to what should be a logical issue". "Opposite to this is...chosen emotion fallacy. Often, "a fallacy of encouragement to root of the underdog regardless of the issues at hand". "A corrupt argument from pathos." A fallacy of relevance. Closely related to angelism. "Opposite to this is...chosen emotion fallacy." Opposite of: appeal to rigor. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-24 | 388_lf |
argument from personal incredulity | argument from incredulity, argument from personal incredulity | A fallacy of asserting that an argument must not be true just because one personally does not understand it or cannot grasp its technical aspects. A fallacy of relevance. | [1], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-28 | 009_lf |
argument from nature | appeal to nature | 2024-07-11 | 2024-07-11 | 918_lf | ||
argument from natural law | A fallacy in which something is deemed to be true or untrue, or good or bad, as a result of being natural or unnatural (or "against nature") as judged by one's own authority to determine what is natural or unnatural. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 502_lf | |
argument from mystery | argument from mystery, argumentum ad mysteriam, mystagogy | A fallacy in which some "facts, evidence, practices or arguments" gain weight due to a "quasi-hypnotic effect" that "can often persuade more strongly than any logical argument" derived from special sounds, postures, clothing, rituals, recitations, chants, ancient languages, or other effects introducing a sense of the unknown. Example: long ago and far away. See also: esoteric knowledge. An obverse: standard version fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 387_lf |
argument from motives | argument from motives, questioning motives | A fallacy of claiming a point to be false simply on account of improper or evil motives of the person making the claim. See also: moral licensing. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-28 | 501_lf |
argument from modesty | argument from modesty, appeal to authority, appeal to improper authority, argumentum ad verecundium, argument from that which is improper | A fallacy of not "evaluating the...argument on its own merits" and instead simply accepting the conclusion of an individual who may be an expert in a field but whose expertise is unrelated to the argument. A specific form of appeal to improper authority. A subcategory is appeal to biased authority. A fallacy of relevance. | [1], [2] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-21 | 386_lf |
argument from inertia | stay the course | A kind of Argument from Consequences, E for Effort, or Appeal to Tradition. See too, Throwing Good Money After Bad. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 057_lf |
argument from incredulity | argument from incredulity, argument from personal incredulity | A fallacy of asserting that an argument must not be true just because one personally does not understand it or cannot grasp its technical aspects. | [1], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-28 | 385_lf |
argument from ignorance | appeal to a lack of evidence, appeal to ignorance, argument from ignorance, argumentum ad ignorantiam | A fallacy using lack of knowledge to arrive at a conclusion. One might might say that because a claim cannot be disproven, therefore the opposite must be true. Or, since we do not know (or cannot know, or cannot prove) something, then it must be true (or false). A fallacy of omission. Includes attacking the evidence, whataboutism, and missing link. See also: a priori argument, appealing to closure, deliberate ignorance, simpleton's fallacy, argumentum ex silentio. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 384_lf |
argument from force | appeal to force, argument from force, argument from strength, argument from the club (stick), argumentum ad baculum, bullying, fascism, hard power, might-makes-right, muscular leadership, non-negotiable demands, power-play, resolution by force of arms, shock and awe | A fallacy in which a conclusion is reached due to force, threat of force, or threat of unpleasantness. A fallacy of relevance, since reason for conclusion is not relevant to the argument at hand. | [1]. [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-03 | 701_lf |
argument from consequences | argument from adverse consequences, argument from consequences, outcome bias | A fallacy of claiming that something cannot be true because, if it were true, that would be bad or have a negative effect (while in reality the validity of the claim does not actually depend on the positive or negative impact of the claims). A fallacy of relevance. (See also: outcome bias. Do not confuse with: actions have consequences. | [1], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-28 | 053_lf |
argument from common sense | argument from common sense, argument to the people, argumentum ad populum, appeal to popular opinion, bandwagon, bandwagon fallacy | A fallacy claiming that something is true because it is believed by most people (or by "everyone," "the people," "the majority" or "someone in power who has widespread backing"). A fallacy of relevance. Sub-approaches can include bandwagon ("everyone's doing it"); patriotic ("it is patriotic"); snob "the best people are doing it"; and covering oneself with the cross ("it's Christian"). Can include: lying with statistics. A modern form is: information cascade. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 383_lf |
argument from adverse consequences | argument from adverse consequences, argument from consequences, outcome bias | A fallacy of claiming that something cannot be true because, if it were true, that would be bad or have a negative effect (while in reality the validity of the claim does not actually depend on the positive or negative impact of the claims). A fallacy of relevance. (See also: outcome bias. Do not confuse with: actions have consequences. | [1], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-28 | 008_lf |
arguing in bad faith | arguing in bad faith, mala fides, sophism | A fallacy of putting forth an argument that the argue knows is invalid. Includes: motivational truth, demagogy, campaign promises, self deception, whistling by the graveyward. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-26 | 700_lf |
arguing beside the point | arguing beside the point, ignorantio elenchi, ignoring the issue, irrelevant conclusion | A fallacy of switching attention to a different issue (which might be a valid issue but is unrelated to the topic at hand). A component fallacy. Similar to: begging the question. A common form: the red herring. Another example: tu quoque, and you too. | [1], [2] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-26 | 381_lf |
appeasement | appeasement, assertiveness, I know my rights, squeaky wheel gets the grease | A fallacy of obtaining a result not through argument but through the audience's willingness to give in so that the opposition will simply be satisfied, quieter, or no longer a nuisance. Common in public agencies, education, and retail. Sometimes promoted as a practical, nonviolent way for groups to promote change. See also: bribery. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-26 | 052_lf |
appeal to tradition | appeal to tradition, argumentum ad traditionem, argumentum ad antiquitatem, back in those good times, conservative bias, good old days | A fallacy of holding a position as correct or a thing (scenario or deed) as good because it has always been that way or was that way long ago (and might still "serve one particular group very well"). A fallacy of relevance. A "corrupted argument from ethos" (from the past). Often related in time to the audience's young years, but not prior. Opposite of: appeal to novelty, bad old days, early adopter's fallacy, pro-innovation bias, recency bias. | [1], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-26 | 005_lf |
appeal to rigor | A fallacy arguing based on mercilessness (showing no fear or pity). "Often based on machismo or on manipulating an audience's fear." Can apply to "politically-motivated or elitist calls for academic rigor". Can apply to criticism of developmental or remedial classes, open admissions, dumbing down, and grade inflation. Opposite of: affective fallacy, appeal to emotion, appeal to pity, argument from pity, argumentum ad misericordiam, emotion over reflection, follow your heart, playing to emotions, romantic fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-26 | 500_lf | |
appeal to privacy | appeal to privacy, mind your own business, MYOB, none of yer beeswax, so what, you're not the boss of me | A fallacy of preventing discussion of one's point by "drawing a phony curtian of privacy around oneself and one's actions". A counterpart is: heart of darkness syndrome, I think we're alone now, nobody will ever know, what happens in Vegas stays in Vegas. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-26 | 699_lf |
appeal to popular opinion | argument from common sense, argument to the people, argumentum ad populum, appeal to popular opinion, bandwagon, bandwagon fallacy | A fallacy claiming that something is true because it is believed by most people (or by "everyone," "the people," "the majority" or "someone in power who has widespread backing"). A fallacy of relevance. Sub-approaches can include bandwagon ("everyone's doing it"); patriotic ("it is patriotic"); snob "the best people are doing it"; and covering oneself with the cross ("it's Christian"). Can include: lying with statistics. A modern form is: information cascade. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 380_lf |
appeal to pity | affective fallacy, appeal to emotion, appeal to pity, argument from pity, argumentum ad misericordiam, emotion over reflection, follow your heart, playing to emotions, romantic fallacy | "An emotional appeal to what should be a logical issue". "Opposite to this is...chosen emotion fallacy. Often, "a fallacy of encouragement to root of the underdog regardless of the issues at hand". "A corrupt argument from pathos." A fallacy of relevance. Closely related to angelism. "Opposite to this is...chosen emotion fallacy." Opposite of: appeal to rigor. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-24 | 050_lf |
appeal to novelty | appeal to novelty, bad old days, early adopter's fallacy, pro-innovation bias, recency bias | A fallacy that a view or other thing must be correct or better because it is new or recent. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-21 | 051_lf |
appeal to nature | appeal to nature, biologizing, green fallacy | A fallacy that just because something is natural, therefore "it has to be good, healthy, and beneficial". A "contemporary romantic fallacy of ethos". See also: argument from natural law. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-23 | 049_lf |
appeal to improper authority | argument from modesty, appeal to authority, appeal to improper authority, argumentum ad verecundium, argument from that which is improper | A fallacy of not "evaluating the...argument on its own merits" and instead simply accepting the conclusion of an individual who may be an expert in a field but whose expertise is unrelated to the argument. A specific form of appeal to improper authority. A subcategory is appeal to biased authority. A fallacy of relevance. | [1], [2] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-21 | 006_lf |
appeal to ignorance | appeal to a lack of evidence, appeal to ignorance, argument from ignorance, argumentum ad ignorantiam | A fallacy using lack of knowledge to arrive at a conclusion. One might might say that because a claim cannot be disproven, therefore the opposite must be true. Or, since we do not know (or cannot know, or cannot prove) something, then it must be true (or false). A fallacy of omission. Includes attacking the evidence, whataboutism, and missing link. See also: a priori argument, appealing to closure, deliberate ignorance, simpleton's fallacy, argumentum ex silentio. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 379_lf |
appeal to hypocrisy | you also | See also Tu Quoque. | [2] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 033_lf |
appeal to heaven | American exceptionalism, argumentum ad coelum, Deus vult, Gott mit uns, manifest destiny, special covenant | A fallacy based on claiming to know God's mind and wishes, which cannot really be challenged. A "deluded argument from ethos". Opposite of Job's comforter fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-14 | 048_lf |
appeal to force | appeal to force, argument from force, argument from strength, argument from the club (stick), argumentum ad baculum, bullying, fascism, hard power, might-makes-right, muscular leadership, non-negotiable demands, power-play, resolution by force of arms, shock and awe | A fallacy in which a conclusion is reached due to force, threat of force, or threat of unpleasantness. A fallacy of relevance, since reason for conclusion is not relevant to the argument at hand. | [1], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-03 | 001_lf |
appeal to fear | appeal to fear, bogeyman fallacy, paranoia, scare tactics, shockdoc, shock doctrine, rally 'round the flag, rally 'round the president | A fallacy in which one takes "advantage of a emergent or deliberately-created crisis and its associated public shock, panic and chaos in order to impose an argument, action or solution that would be clearly unacceptable if carefully considered". A "corrupted argument from pathos". A form of playing on emotions. See also: shopping hungry fallacy, dog-whistle politics, we have to do something, worst-case fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 698_lf |
appeal to emotion | affective fallacy, appeal to emotion, appeal to pity, argument from pity, argumentum ad misericordiam, emotion over reflection, follow your heart, playing to emotions, romantic fallacy | "An emotional appeal to what should be a logical issue". "Opposite to this is...chosen emotion fallacy. Often, "a fallacy of encouragement to root of the underdog regardless of the issues at hand". "A corrupt argument from pathos." A fallacy of relevance. Closely related to angelism. "Opposite to this is...chosen emotion fallacy." Opposite of: appeal to rigor. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-24 | 007_lf |
appeal to closure | See also Appeal to a Lack of Evidence, Argument From Adverse Consequences. Opposite of Paralysis of Analysis. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-11 | 047_lf | |
appeal to biased authority | A fallacy of simply accepting the conclusion of an individual who may be an expert in a field but "who may have professional or personal motivations that render his professional judgement suspect". A specific form of appeal to improper authority. | [1] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-21 | 038_lf | |
appeal to authority | argument from modesty, appeal to authority, appeal to improper authority, argumentum ad verecundium, argument from that which is improper | A fallacy of not "evaluating the...argument on its own merits" and instead simply accepting the conclusion of an individual who may be an expert in a field but whose expertise is unrelated to the argument. A specific form of appeal to improper authority. A subcategory is appeal to biased authority. A fallacy of relevance. | [1], [2] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-21 | 378_lf |
appeal to a lack of evidence | appeal to a lack of evidence, appeal to ignorance, argument from ignorance, argumentum ad ignorantiam | A fallacy using lack of knowledge to arrive at a conclusion. One might might say that because a claim cannot be disproven, therefore the opposite must be true. Or, since we do not know (or cannot know, or cannot prove) something, then it must be true (or false). A fallacy of omission. Includes attacking the evidence, whataboutism, and missing link. See also: a priori argument, appealing to closure, deliberate ignorance, simpleton's fallacy, argumentum ex silentio. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 031_lf |
apophenia | A "tendency to perceive meaningful connections between unrelated things". | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-21 | 107_cb | |
apathetic fallacy | burnout, compassion fatigue, cynicism | The fallacy in which legitimate arguments are ignored due claimed lack of caring. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-15 | 498_lf |
anthropomorphism | A tendency to describe non-human things as having human traits. An availability bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-14 | 105_cb | |
anthropocentric thinking | A tendency to use analogies about humans when describing other systems. An availability bias. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-14 | 104_cb | |
anthropic selection effect | anthropic bias, anthropic principle, anthropic selection effect | [19] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-07 | 514_ | |
anthropic principle | anthropic bias, anthropic principle, anthropic selection effect, observation selection effect | The tendency for observations about the universe to only be made when there is someone to observe the data or to do the study. Subforms include: weak anthropic principle (universe fine tuning being the result of survivorship bias), strong anthropic principle (the universe being compleled to have conscious, sapient life), participatory anthropic principle (the universe must be observed to exist), final anthropic principle (informational processing as inherent to universe existence). An example of: selection effect. | [19], [20] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-07 | 507_ |
anthropic bias | anthropic bias, anthropic principle, anthropic selection effect, observation selection effect | The tendency for observations about the universe to only be made when there is someone to observe the data or to do the study. Subforms include: weak anthropic principle (universe fine tuning being the result of survivorship bias), strong anthropic principle (the universe being compleled to have conscious, sapient life), participatory anthropic principle (the universe must be observed to exist), final anthropic principle (informational processing as inherent to universe existence). An example of: selection effect. | [19], [20] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-07 | 069_ |
angelism | A fallacy of "falsely claiming that one is capable of objective reasoning and judgment without emotion". In other words, "falsely claiming for oneself a viewpoint of...disinterested objectivity or pretending to place onself far above all...bias." Related to affective fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-21 | 043_lf | |
anchoring bias | focalism | A tendency to rely too much on one particular thing (often the first available thing) when considering a decision. See also: common source bias, conservatism bias, functional fixedness, law of the instrument. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-14 | 103_cb |
an abundance of caution | better safe than sorry, better to prevent than to lament, just in case | A fallacy of pessimism with reasoning based on a far-fetched, unlikely, or even entirely imaginary worst-case scenario isntead of being based on reality. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-14 | 697_lf |
amphiboly | Literally, "indeterminate". A fallacy in which a conclusion relies on interpreting a sentence to mean one thing, when the inclusion of that sentence as a premise was intended to mean something else. Possible because some sentences can be read multiple ways with different meanings depending on word usage. A fallacy of ambiguity. Compare with: equivocation. | [1] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-05 | 024_lf | |
American exceptionalism | appeal to heaven, argumentum ad coelum, Deus vult, Gott mit uns, manifest destiny, special covenant | A fallacy based on claiming to know God's mind and wishes, which cannot really be challenged. A "deluded argument from ethos". Opposite of Job's comforter fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-14 | 377_lf |
ambiguity effect | A tendency to avoid options with outcomes that have unknown probabilities. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-14 | 102_cb | |
alternative truth | alt facts, alternate facts, alternative truth, counterknowledge, disinformation, information pollution | A fallacy holding that objective facts and truth cannot really exist, are not durable, or are really subjective. A "fallacy of logos rooted in postmodernism". Related to: big lie technique. See also: gaslighting, blind loyalty, big brain little brain fallacy, two truths. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 046_lf |
alternate facts | alt facts, alternate facts, alternative truth, counterknowledge, disinformation, information pollution | A fallacy holding that objective facts and truth cannot really exist, are not durable, or are really subjective. A "fallacy of logos rooted in postmodernism". Related to: big lie technique. See also: gaslighting, blind loyalty, big brain little brain fallacy, two truths. | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 376_lf | |
alt facts | alt facts, alternate facts, alternative truth, counterknowledge, disinformation, information pollution | A fallacy holding that objective facts and truth cannot really exist, are not durable, or are really subjective. A "fallacy of logos rooted in postmodernism". Related to: big lie technique. See also: gaslighting, blind loyalty, big brain little brain fallacy, two truths. | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-02 | 375_lf | |
alphabet soup | The use of jargon such as acronyms, initialisms, and abbreviations consisting of letters (and possibly numbers) to impress, to build rapport, to confuse, or to obfuscate, ultimately resulting in loss of communication regarding what is being said or why an argument would be valid, and instead relying on potentially invalid shortcuts to reach a conclusion. See also: name calling. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-14 | 045_lf | |
alpha-male speech | locker-room talk, bad-boy talk | A form of "frank, unguarded or uninhibited offensive expression". A fallacy that holds that some words are excempt from criticism because they are simply the true expression of some perspective having merit due to their representing the uncensored expression of true feelings. See also: venting. See also: affective fallacy. Opposite to this are political correctness and scripted message. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-14 | 497_lf |
all's fair in love and war | changing the rules, moving the goalposts, nuclear option, winning isn't everything it's the only thing | Starting with certain requirements for a decision, then, when, the criteria are met, requiring a higher bar. "A fallacy of logos". | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-14 | 496_lf |
all or nothing thinking | bifurcation, black/white fallacy, black and white fallacy, either or fallacy, either/or reasoning, excluded middle, false binary, false dichotomy, false dilemma | A conclusion is reached based on there only being two possible options, when really the possibilities are not so limited. A component fallacy. | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-14 | 374_lf | |
agent detection bias | A tendency to assume that an actor is intentionally intervening in a scenario. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-13 | 101_cb | |
affordable units fallacy | A mistaken belief that "building luxury apartmente doesn't improve the affordabilty of existing appartments, or even that it increases their prices". A fallacy surrounding: capitalism. | [27] | 2024-07-15 | 2024-07-15 | 927_lf | |
affective fallacy | affective fallacy, appeal to emotion, appeal to pity, argument from pity, argumentum ad misericordiam, emotion over reflection, follow your heart, playing to emotions, romantic fallacy | "An emotional appeal to what should be a logical issue". "Opposite to this is...chosen emotion fallacy. Often, "a fallacy of encouragement to root of the underdog regardless of the issues at hand". "A corrupt argument from pathos." A fallacy of relevance. Closely related to angelism. "Opposite to this is...chosen emotion fallacy." Opposite of: appeal to rigor. | [1], [2], [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-24 | 373_lf |
additive bias | A tendency to solve problems by adding things (for example, instead of by removing things). | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-13 | 100_cb | |
ad hominem argument | argumentum ad hominem, argument toward the man, attacking the person, personal attack, poisoning the well | Arguing against the opposing party instead of the reasoning given by the opposing party. This might question the intelligence, credentials, or character of the opposition. A "corrupted negative argument from ethos". Subcategories include abusive and circumstantial types. A fallacy of relevance. The opposite of star power. An obverse is token endorsement. See also: guilt by association. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-19 | 495_lf |
ad Hitleram | reductio ad Hitlerum | An example of ad hominem or guilt by association that invokes a specific extreme persona from history. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-13 | 696_lf |
actor-observer bias | A tendency for the description of an actor's behavior to over-emphasize the observer's personality (while under-emphasizing the actor's scenario). Also, the opposite--a tendency for an actor's description of their own behavior to have the reverse pattern: over-emphasizing their own scenario while under-emphasizing the effect of their own personality. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-13 | 099_cb | |
actions have consequences | An incorrect assertion (based on some kind of rules) that a punishment for an occurrance is instead a consequence. "A corrupt argument from ethos." (Procedures may result in eventual punishment, but that outcome is not accurately the consequence of the initial event.) | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-13 | 041_lf | |
action bias | A tendency to act even when there is no problem or when no action would be more effective for the given problem. | [6] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-13 | 098_cb | |
acquiescence | better the devil you know than the devil you don't, deal with it, default bias, get used to it, if it ain't broke don't fix it, it is what it is, let it be let it be, making one's peace with the situation, normalization of evil, this is the best of all possible worlds, this is the only possible world, whatever is is right | The fallacy that just because something is the current state that is therefore the preferred state. Opposite of: nihilism. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-07-02 | 695_lf |
accomplish the mission | by any means necessary, find a way, I don't care how you do it, just do it | An argumentum ad baculum (argument from force) that implies arriving at an outcome by aside morality. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-13 | 694_lf |
ableism | con artist's fallacy, dacoit's fallacy, shearing the sheeple, profiteering, vulture capitalism, wealth is the disease and I am the cure | Fallacy saying that those who are less capable therefore are less deserving and therefore can be justifiably victimized due to how nature is. | [3] | 2024-06-11 | 2024-06-12 | 040_lf |
a woman's got to do what a woman's got to do | a person's got to do what a person's got to do, a woman's got to do what a woman's got to do, I've got to do what I've got to do | This fallacy draws a conclusion based on (potentially prejudiced identity or gender-based) feelings or emotion not necessarily having a foundation in logical reasoning (e.g., it is possible that they do not really have to arrive at that outcome). A form of the affective fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-14 | 2024-07-02 | 911_lf |
a priori argument | A given pre-conceived conclusion is determined from the start, then any argument is sought to support it. Reasoning "from what is before" without observation or experience. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-12 | 494_lf | |
a person's got to do what a person's got to do | a person's got to do what a person's got to do, a man's got to do what a man's got to do, a woman's got to do what a woman's got to do, I've got to do what I've got to do | This fallacy draws a conclusion based on (potentially prejudiced identity or gender-based) feelings or emotion not necessarily having a foundation in logical reasoning (e.g., it is possible that they do not really have to arrive at that outcome). A form of the affective fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-14 | 2024-07-02 | 910_lf |
a man's gotta do what a man's gotta do | a person's got to do what a person's got to do, a woman's got to do what a woman's got to do, I've got to do what I've got to do | This fallacy draws a conclusion based on (potentially prejudiced identity or gender-based) feelings or emotion not necessarily having a foundation in logical reasoning (e.g., it is possible that they do not really have to arrive at that outcome). A form of the affective fallacy. | [3] | 2024-06-12 | 2024-06-14 | 693_lf |
References
- [1] Dr. L. Kip Wheeler, Logical Fallacies Handlist, (2023 archive, 2024 retrieved).
- [2] UVU Writing Center, Logical Fallacies, Utah Valley University, (2024 retrieved).
- [3] Oren M. Williamson, Master List of Logical Fallacies, The University of Texas at El Paso, (2024 retrieved).
- [4] Mathew, Constructing a Logical Argument, School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, (2002 archive, 2024 retrieved).
- [5] Motte-and-bailey fallacy, Wikipedia.
- [6] List of cognitive biases, Wikipedia.
- [7] Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Chase B. Wrenn, ISSN 2161-0002.
- [8] logical-fallacy.com, List of Logical Fallacies.
- [9] logical-fallacy.com, List of Informal Logical Fallacies.
- [10] logical-fallacy.com, List of Formal Logical Fallacies.
- [11] logical-fallacy.com, Name Calling - Definition and Examples.
- [12] Introduction to Informal Fallacies, Dr. Naugle, Phil 3304 Logic, (dbu.edu).
- [13] Fallacies of Relevance, Dr. Naugle, Phil 2303 Logic, (dbu.edu).
- [14] Fallacies of Relevance Continued, Dr. Naugle, Phil 2303 Logic, (dbu.edu).
- [15] Ad Hominem and Related Fallacies, Introduction to Logic, (philosophy.lander.edu).
- [16] Chronological snobbery, Wikipedia.
- [17] Cognitive dissonance, Wikipedia.
- [18] Misinformation effect, Wikipedia.
- [19] Anthropic principle, Wikipedia.
- [20] Selection bias, Wikipedia.
- [21] Dynamic inconsistency, Wikipedia.
- [22] Texas sharpshooter fallacy, Wikipedia.
- [23] In-group favoritism, Wikipedia.
- [24] Herd behavior, Wikipedia.
- [25] Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP), (plato.stanford.edu).
- [26] Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (IEP), (iep.utm.edu).
- [27] Alex McCraw, Common Logical Fallacies surrounding capitallism, (2024, blog.alexmaccaw.com).
Clarification
Conceptually, cognitive biases are considered distinct from logical fallacies. The cb and lf suffixes in the id column roughly distinguish these categories. Logical fallacies represent argumentation errors, whereas cognitive biases describe mental tendencies that could result in processing errors. Both phenomenon types could result in errors in thought or decision. The list is combined for convenient lookups.